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Issue 1, Volume 3,
January 2008
Title of the Paper: Genetic
Algorithm Optimization of Fuel Consumption in Compressor Stations
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Authors: B. Fahimnia,
R. Molaei, M. Ebrahimi
Abstract: Natural gas passing through pipelines is transported via compressor
stations. These stations are usually installed at above 60 miles away from
intervals in order to overwhelm the pressure loss generated through the
friction or the heat exchanging. Different compressors have been utilized in
these stations to acquire the constraint gradient pressure and maintain the
required mass flow rate at the delivery. A considerable proportion of the
transported gas is however consumed to supply the drift force. Since
currently millions of MMSCFD gases are transferred between countries, it
seems indispensable to propose a precise model to minimize the consumed fuel
and to stumble on suitable decision-making variables. This paper analyzes
non-linear mathematical relationships which are required to evaluate the
steady, isothermal, one-dimensional and compressible flow inside the pipes.
In the next stage, the study establishes the equations associated to the
compressor performance and it finally evaluates the rate of fuel consumption
in the power generator. The activities are divided into two categories: a)
simulation by means of the computational modules, related to the fluid
specifications and the main components of the transmission system, b)
amelioration through the exploitation of the optimization methodology using
genetic algorithms. Spread sheets are utilized as useful tools to establish a
relationship among the aforementioned sections and the analysis of the system
comportment. The optimization modeling aims to improve the fuel consumption in
the compressor stations available in the network commensurate with the
stipulations of the transmission system.
Keywords: Optimization,
Genetic Algorithm, Compressor Station, Fuel Consumption, Spread Sheets
Title of the Paper: The Study of Novel
Detection Approach for OCS Dynamic Parameters of High-speed Electrified
Railway
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Authors: Chen Tanglong,
Ma Fengchao, Zhou Yan
Abstract: This paper starts with dynamic response of pantograph slider, and
computes the dynamic parameters of pantograph-catenary
system such as contact force, hard spot, pull-off value and contact wire
height by utilizing the transfer function matrix gained beforehand and the
displacements of pantograph slider measured with the laser range sensors
configured at the low voltage side. The paper also deducts the numerical
algorithm of response matrix and transfer function matrix, demonstrates the
feasibility of reducing the number of laser range sensors, and verifies its
effectiveness by simulation with a simple example.
Keywords: OCS (Overhead
Contact System); Pantograph; System Response; Contact Force; Pull-off Value;
Hard Spot; Contact Wire Height; Laser Testing Displacement
Title of the Paper: Original Method for
Stability Analysis of Mechatronic Systems with
Asynchronous Machines
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Authors: Sorin
Enache, Aurel Campeanu, Ion Vlad, Monica Adela Enache
Abstract: This paper details an original method for the stability analysis of
mechatronic systems driven by asynchronous
machines. The mathematical basis of the method and a few characteristics
obtained with an adequate Matlab program are
presented. The windows of the program for monitoring of the experimental
tests are also depicted. Finally a series of experimental tests and the
conclusions confirming the validity of the proposed method are presented.
Keywords: stability, mechatronic system, asynchronous machine, variable
frequency, parameters, software.
Title of the Paper: Evaluation of Hand
Grasping by Instrumented Glove
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Authors: Tamara Supuk,
Tadej Bajd, Vlasta Zanchi
Abstract: In this paper the evaluation of effectivenes
of instrumented glove in measurement of hand opening and preshaping
during reach-to-grasp movement is described. In the experiment presented in
this work the reach-to-grasp movement of one healthy subject was measured by
two different types of motion-tracking devices (3D optical system, Optotrak, and commercial instrumented glove, 14 sensors
Ultra Data Glove) with the aim to answer if the rather simple glove-system
can substitute complex and expensive optical system in assessment of hand preshaping during reach-tograsp.
Keywords: hand
kinematics, reach-to-grasp movements, hand preshaping,
hand model, instrumented glove, rehabilitation
Title of the Paper: Resonance at Motion
of a Body in the Mars's Atmosphere under Biharmonical Moment
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Authors: Vladimir S. Aslanov
Abstract: An uncontrolled motion of a reentry
vehicles in the rarefied Mars's atmosphere is investigated. Such reentry
vehicle has small lengthening and a blunted form for effective braking [1].
This type of Lander can have three balancing positions of a spatial angle of
attack: α = 0, α* != 0, α* = π
depending on the position of the center mass. The change of a dynamic
pressure the descent into the atmosphere can lead to resonance. It is shown, that the numerical integration of motion equations
does not give reliable results due to the probabilistic character of
transients with related to resonance. The conditions of movement stability
are received identified for various areas of movement under resonance. The
suggestion is to calculate the top and bottom parameters of movement using
averaged equations. The research shows that the resonance could cause the
accident the Beagle 2 Lander.
Keywords: Uncontrolled
Reentry Vehicle, Resonance, Stability, Separatrice,
Atmosphere, Mars
Title of the Paper: Experimental Design
and Models of Power System Optimization and Control
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Authors: R. C. Berredo,
L. N. Canha, P. Ya. Ekel, L. C. A. Ferreira, M. V. C. Maciel
Abstract: This paper reflects results of research into the use of factorial
experimental design for rational constructing sensitivity models as well as
functionally oriented models for system optimization and control. The
questions of overcoming difficulties of statistical evaluating the results of
experiments with models of systems, but not real systems are discussed. The
results of the paper are of a universal character and are illustrated by
applications to power engineering problems: coordinated voltage and reactive
power control in power systems in regulated and deregulated environments,
based on fuzzy logic technology with applying diverse types of sensitivity
indices, and monocriteria and multicriteria
optimization of network configuration in distribution systems with
constructing functionally oriented models to evaluate power system reaction.
Keywords: Sensitivity
Models, Functionally Oriented Models, Factorial Experimental Design, Fuzzy
Logic Based Voltage and Reactive Power Control, Distribution Network Reconfigutration.
Title of the Paper: Synthesis of
Attitude Motion of Variable Mass Coaxial Bodies
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Authors: Anton V. Doroshin
Abstract: This work involves the research of a motion of a mechanical system
consisting from coaxial bodies of variable mass in a translating coordinate
system. The author gives a theorem on the change in the angular momentum of a
system of variable mass coaxial bodies with respect to translating axes. The
dynamic equations of motion are constructed using the example of two coaxial
bodies. The modification of mass parameters of coaxial bodies (mass, moments
of inertia) causes nontrivial changes of system angular motion. The article
describes a special developed method for qualitative phase space analysis,
based on the evaluation of a phase trajectory curvature. The method suggested
makes it possible to determine the phase trajectory shape and to synthesize
conditions for special motion modes realization (for example, nutation angle monotonous diminution or magnification).
The results obtained can be used to describe the motion of a coaxial
dual-spin spacecraft, performing active maneuvers with a change in mass.
Keywords: Coaxial Bodies,
Unbalanced Gyrostat, Dual-Spin Spacecraft, Variable Mass, Active Maneuvers,
Attitude Motion, Qualitative Method, Phase Trajectory Curvature
Title of the Paper: One Type of
Controller Design for Delayed Double Integrator System
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Authors: Katarina
Zakova
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to present a constrained pole assignment
controller that is based on the analysis of optimal settings for the double
integrator system. It takes into account parasitic delays in the control
structure and constraints imposed on the control signal. In addition, one can
find here approximation procedure resulting to the models that were used at
the controller design. The whole design is illustrated on two examples.
Keywords: Pole assignment
control, constraints, saturation, double integrator model, delays,
approximation.
Issue 2, Volume 3, February 2008
Title of the Paper: Novel
Approach for Detection and Tracking of Explosive Carrying Mobile
Humans with Odor-Sensor based Multisensor Networks
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Authors: Ahmet
Kuzu, Metin Gokasan, Seta Bogosyan
Abstract: In this study, a distributed system which could be used to detect
and track an explosive carrying mobile human is designed. As a novel approach
to existing odor detection and tracking methods, a technique which combines
odor and sound detection is proposed for increased accuracy. To this aim, a
MEMS sensor network including a pressure sensor, an accelerometer, a
microphone, an odor sensor and electronic unit is proposed. For the
electronic unit of this system a sensor network and least square estimation
based sensor fusion algorithm is developed and simulated. The results are
evaluated with respect to various paths of two humans, one carrying the
explosive. The results show that odor sensing alone is not sufficient for the
accurate determination of the odor track, and that by adding other
conventional tracking methods, accuracy could be increased.
Keywords: Odor, Tracking,
Sensor networks, Sensor fusion, Least squares, Explosive
Title of the Paper: A Solution to the
Continuous and Discrete-Time Linear Quadratic Optimal Problems
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Authors: Corneliu
Botan, Florin Ostafi
Abstract: The paper establishes a non-variational
procedure in order to obtain the solution to an optimal control problem. The
optimal control refers to a quadratic criterion with finite final time,
regarding a time-variant linear system, for continuous and discrete time
cases. The proposed solution is more convenient for implementation by
comparison with the classical ones. The indicated optimal controller is
advantageous especially in the time-invariant case. New solutions to Riccati differential / difference equations are also
presented.
Keywords: optimal
control, linear quadratic, finite final time, continuous and discrete time, Riccati equation
Title of the Paper: Specification of a Multiagent System for Planning and Management of the
Production Factors for Automation based on the SCDIA Framework and MASINA
Methodology
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Authors: Jose Aguilar, Mariela Cerrada, Francisco Hidrobo, Jorge Chacal,
Cesar Bravo
Abstract: In this work, we propose a general reference model for planning and
production factors management. Then, such a model is applied for proposing a
system for the ERP problem for the automation applications. This multiagent system is specified in the framework of the
SCDIA reference model by using the MASINA Methodology.
Keywords: Industrial
Automation, Enterprise
Resource Planning (ERP), Multiagent Systems (MAS)
Title of the Paper: Optimal Adaptive
Fuzzy Control for a Class of Unknown Nonlinear Systems
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Authors: I.
Lagrat, A. El Ougli , I. Boumhidi
Abstract: In this paper, we present an optimal adaptive fuzzy controller for
a class of nonlinear systems with unknown nonlinear dynamics. The strategy of
control is based on the fuzzy systems and linear matrix inequalities (LMI).
The adaptive fuzzy logic system is used to approximate the unknown dynamics;
we exploit the linear structure of a Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy
system with constant conclusion to design an indirect adaptive fuzzy
controller. The auxiliary compensation control is added to attenuate the
influence of external disturbances and to remove fuzzy approximation error.
The design of the auxiliary control relies on LMI and the Lyapunov
technique for achieving stability and specified performance. The adaptation
laws of the adjustable parameters are deduced from the stability analysis, in
the sense of Lyapunov, to get a more accurate
approximation level. Simulation results are given to illustrate the tracking
performance.
Keywords: Nonlinear
systems, Adaptive control, Fuzzy systems, Takagi-Sugeno
Fuzzy Model, LMI, Lyapunov
Approach.
Title of the Paper: Speed-Sensorless Nonlinear Predictive Control of a Squirrel
Cage Motor
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Authors: I. I.
Siller-Alcala, M. Abderrahim,
J. Jaimes-Ponce, R. Alcantara-Ramirez
Abstract: This paper presents a nonlinear generalised
predictive control scheme for a squirrel cage motor without speed sensor.
Some of the difficulties faced are due to uncertainties in the parameters
measurements, high cost to obtain state measurements in addition to the
inherently non-linear behaviour. The control scheme
presented is composed of a positioning predictive control and an open loop
observer used to obtain state measurements. The proposed control scheme
allows a simple and straightforward implementation. The effectiveness of this
control algorithm has been successfully verified through simulations.
Keywords: Nonlinear
System, Predictive Control, Induction Motor, Speed-sensorless
control, Open loop observer.
Title of the Paper: The Simulation
Hybrid Fuzzy Control of SCARA Robot
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Authors: Marius-Constantin
Popescu, Ilie Borcosi Onisifor Olaru, Luminita Popescu, Florin Grofu
Abstract: This paper presents the simulation of a Hybrid Fuzzy Controller
suitable for industrial applications. The developed Hybrid Fuzzy Controller
consists of a weighted combination of the Direct Fuzzy Controller and
Indirect Fuzzy Controller and a gradually activated supervisory controller.
The unique feature of the Hybrid Fuzzy Controller is that no mathematical
models of the plant are required and the proposed controller is able to
adequately estimate the bound functions on-line, which are required for the
determination of the supervisory controller. The supervisor controller in the
sense that all signals are bounded guarantees global stability of the
closed-loop system. The approach of rapid prototyping is utilized to
implement the Hybrid Fuzzy Controller so as to control a Selectively
Compliance Assembly Robot Arm. Simulink, an interactive graphical software for simulating dynamic
systems, is used to model, simulate and analyse the
dynamic system.
Keywords: SCARA Robot, Simulink, Hybrid Fuzzy Controller
Title of the Paper: Conventional
Control and Fuzzy Control Algorithms for Shape Memory Alloy based Tendons
Robotic Structure
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Authors: Bizdoaca
Nicu-George, Petrisor Anca, Bizdoaca Elvira
Abstract: Shape memory alloy offer an interesting solution, using the shape
transformation of the wire/structure in the moment of applying a thermal type
transformation able to offer the martensitic
temperature. This thermal transformation can be inducted using electrical
current and a suitable control strategy. In order to assure an efficient
control of robotics SMA actuator, a mathematical model and numerical
simulation of the resulting model is required. For an efficient study a Simulink block is developed (block for user configurable
shape memory alloy material). Due a particular possibility SMA actuator
connection, a modified dynamics for wire or tendon actuation is presented.
The control possibilities are explored: PI, PD,PID
and fuzzy logic controller are connected to the single link SMA actuation.
Experimental results and numerical simulations are presented and observations
are formulated.
Keywords: smart
materials, shape memory alloy, robotics, conventional control, fuzzy logic,
numerical simulation
Title of the Paper: Model-based Control
and Learning Control Method for Automobile Idle Speed Control using Electric
Throttle
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Authors: Teruji
Sekozawa
Abstract: Recently, it has become important to reduce the fuel consumption of
automobile engines in order to reduce the amount of CO2 emission. Reduced
consumption can be achieved by reducing the idle rotation speed. However, the
idling stability at low idle speeds tends to be worse than that at higher
idle speeds. Thus, more accurate idle speed control is required. In the
present paper, we propose an engine model-based feed-forward idle control
system. The model-based control system is demonstrated to achieve better
control results. In addition, aging and environmental changes (such as
temperature reduction) vary with the torque required for driving in-vehicle
equipments and cause a deterioration of control for maintaining the idle
speed. Regarding this problem, a new learning control method is developed and
applied to an actual vehicle to verify that controllability can be improved.
Keywords: Idle speed
control, Engine model, Feed-forward control, Electric throttle system,
Model-based control, Environmental changes, Learning control
Issue 3, Volume 3, March 2008
Title of the Paper: Performance
Evaluation of Static Transfer Switch
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Authors: Ramesh
Pachar, Harpal Tiwari
Abstract: This paper investigates the performance of GTO switches based STS
system for improving the power quality of a sensitive three-phase RL load.
Performance of the proposed system is compared with IEEE Benchmark System
(STS-1). Extensive simulations are carried out to validate the use of GTO
switches in medium voltage systems to achieve a lesser transfer time in
network reconfiguration. Performance evaluation of GTO based STS system is
carried out under various faults/disturbance conditions. Simulations are
performed using simulink tool of MATLAB software
package.
Keywords: Power Quality,
Static Transfer Switch, Preferred Source, Alternate Source, Transfer Time,
Detection Time, Sensitive load, Control Logic.
Title of the Paper: Simulation of n-r
Robots
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Authors:
Popescu Marius-Constantin, Borcosi Iilie, Olaru Onisifor, Antonie Nicolae
Abstract: Modelling and simulation of n-DOF robots
with revolute joints are presented in the paper. First, numerical effective
equations to solve the direct kinematics of n-degree-of-freedom robots are
derived. Following this, the dynamic model based on Lagrangian
equation is developed. In the model the characteristics of robots are
utilized and therefore the complexity of the model is increasing slower with
the number of degrees of freedom compared with the general type of
manipulators. Next, some cost functions for n-R robots and their gradients
are presented. The derived models represent the basis of the software package
"Robotic Toolbox" implemented in Matlab.
The package allows the user to create and simulate different systems
considering robots. Matlab functions and Simulink blocks provided include forward kinematics,
dynamics and several utility functions.
Keywords: Modelling; Redundant robots; Simulation n-r robots.
Title of the Paper: Fuzzy Clustering
Based Models Applied To Petroleum Processes
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Authors: Miguel Angel Ramirez Canelon, Eliezer Colina Morles
Abstract: The application of fuzzy clustering techniques has recently become
in a very useful alternative in the area of modeling and identification of complex
industrial processes. In particular, fuzzy clustering techniques such as
Fuzzy C-Means and the Gustafson-Kessel (GK)
algorithms will be analyzed and applied in details in this paper. These
algorithms will be implemented in the construction of Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy models for the gas-liquid separation
process, the water-oil separation process and the oil-heating process, which
are important processes in the oil industry. Validations of the obtained
fuzzy models will be performed and some conclusions will be established.
Keywords: Fuzzy
clustering, Fuzzy C-Means, Gustafson-Kessel (GK)
algorithm, least-squares method, artificial lift production methods,
production separator, washing-tanks and fired heaters.
Title of the Paper: Servo Tracking of
Three-Dimensional Motion by the Parallel Trinocular
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Authors: Chi-Cheng Cheng, Lan-Yuan Hsu, Gwo-Long Lin,
Chien-Hung Chiang
Abstract: This study develops a novel least-squares algorithm for recovering
the translational motion parameters of a moving object using a parallel trinocular vision system. Although the proposed approach
overcomes the matrix singularity problem inherent in binocular observers, its
implementation is somewhat complex. Accordingly, a compact closed-form
version of the algorithm is proposed to facilitate real-world visual imaging
applications. The closed-form scheme not only resolves the matrix singularity
problem, but also avoids the requirement for matrix manipulation and is
therefore computationally efficient. The validity of the closed-form scheme
is verified by comparing the known translation displacements of a target
object with the estimated values. The results demonstrate that the proposed
scheme accurately recovers the translational motion parameters provided that
the movement of the target in the depth direction is of limited magnitude
only. To verify the practical applicability of the proposed scheme, a servo
tracking experiment is performed in which a parallel trinocular
system mounted on a servo-driven positioning platform is used to track the
motion of a target object as it is moved through a series of 3D
displacements. The experimental results demonstrate that the closed-form
scheme enables the parallel trinocular vision
system to track the target effectively.
Keywords: Machine vision,
Optical flow, Signal processing, Tronocular, Visual
servo.
Title of the Paper: Real Time
Monitoring in Web Telerobotics
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Authors: Ionut
Resceanu, Marius Niculescu
Abstract: There is a growing need for humans to perform complex remote
operations and to extend the intelligence and experience of experts to
distant applications. A blending of human intelligence, modern information
technology, remote control, and intelligent autonomous systems is required. Telerobotics goes beyond autonomous control in that it
blends in human intelligence and action as appropriate. It goes beyond teleoperation in that it incorporates as much autonomy as
is possible or reasonable. A new approach for solving one of the fundamental
problems facing teleautonomous systems is
discussed: the need to overcome time delays due to telemetry and signal
propagation. Optimized maintenance can reduce operating costs by demanding
less resources and avoiding equipment breakdown, hence ensuring that daily
manufacturing and production will not be interrupted. Web-based maintenance
is one of the most efficient methods for optimizing maintenance. The
Web-based monitoring system discussed provides remote sensing, monitoring,
and on-line fault diagnosis for equipment, together with a collaborative
maintenance platform for international experts to interactively share their
experiences in maintenance.
Keywords: Telerobotics, Web, Internet, Control, TCP/IP, UDP, Real-Time,
Monitoring
Title of the Paper: Advances of OPC
Client Server Architectures for Maintenance Strategies - a Research and
Development Area not only for Industries
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Authors: Schwarz M. H, Boercsoek J.
Abstract: OPC is a matured and accepted standard in industries, but hardly
used in industrial applications developed at universities, especially in Europe. Publications in this area, either using
OPC-communication or developing applications have been hardly increased over
the past several years. This paper reports the current state of the standard,
but also describes current problems and how they can be managed and overcome.
The authors also give an overview of the recently published new standard,
which is called: OPC unified approach. After the fundamentals are described
in this paper, the authors present their experiences with OPC to combine it
with methods and procedures to develop a modern maintenance system. It also
reports current developments at the Department of Computer Architecture and
System Programming at the University
of Kassel.
Keywords: OLE for process
control, OPC, client-server architecture, condition based maintenance,
unified architecture, OPC unified approach, OPC-UA
Title of the Paper:
A Simple Approach to Estimate the
Steady-State Performance of Self-Excited Induction Generator
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Authors: K. S. Sandhu, Dheeraj
Joshi
Abstract: This paper presents a new and simple model for the steady-state
analysis of single and parallel operated self-excited induction generators
(SEIG). In this paper an attempt has been made to incorporate the unjustified
assumptions in an existing (Watson's) model. This has resulted into an
improved model for the estimation of performance of SEIG. A close agreement
of simulated results using proposed modeling with experimental values on test
machines proves the validity and superiority of proposed model. Further proposed
model is extended for the analysis of a system comprising of number of such
machines operating in parallel.
Keywords: Parallel
operation, steady state analysis, self-excited induction generator (SEIG),
wind energy conversion.
Title of the Paper: Q-Learning Based on
Hierarchical Evolutionary Mechanism
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Authors: Masaya
Yoshikawa, Takeshi Kihira, Hidekazu
Terai
Abstract: Reinforcement learning is applied to various fields such as
robotics and mechatronics control. The
reinforcement learning is an efficient method to control in unknown
environment. This paper discusses a new reinforcement learning algorithm
which is based on Genetic Algorithm and has a hierarchical evolutionary
mechanism. The proposed learning algorithm introduces new adaptive action
value tables and it enables sharing knowledge among agents effectively.
Regarding sharing knowledge among agents, the knowledge is inherited not only
across the generations, but also in one generation. As a result, the proposed
algorithm achieves effective learning, and realizes robustness learning.
Computational simulations using the pong simulator which executes table
tennis prove the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Keywords: Q-Learning,
Genetic Algorithm, Sharing knowledge among agents, Robustness of learning,
Hierarchical evolutionary mechanism
Issue 4, Volume 3, April 2008
Title of the Paper: Simulation of 3D
Temperature Fields of Sensors Supported by 2D IR Camera Images of Sensors'
Surface Temperatures
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Authors: Pavel
Nevriva
, Zdenek Machacek,
Jan Krnavek
Abstract: In this paper, the calculation of temperature fields inside
sensors' bodies is discussed. The temperature of a sensor is a function of
time and spatial coordinates. Structures of mathematical models describing
the temperature fields depend on the environment in which sensors operate. In
this paper, temperature fields in sensors are described by the Fourier
partial differential equation. Mathematical model of the particular sensor
has many parameters which are known with limited accuracy. To upgrade this
accuracy, the physical model incorporating both the analyzed sensor and the
ambient conditions similar to the real ones is built. Mathematical model is
constructed and calculated to solve tasks described by the physical model.
Differences between analytical and experimental results are used for an
adaptive correction of parameters of the mathematical model. In this paper,
differences between models are evaluated from differences between surface
temperatures of the sensors. At the physical model, sensor's surface
temperature is measured by the infrared camera. At the mathematical model,
sensor's temperature is obtained solving the Fourier partial differential
equation by the finite element method. It is calculated by the ANSYS
Workbench software. Numerical values of sensors' surface temperatures from
both models can be displayed as images. To compare the experimental and
analytical results, images generated by the IR camera are transformed by a
set of image processing functions. Both the general method and the case study
results obtained on the complex problem of the analysis of the heat transfer
dynamics of the motor oil level gauge are presented.
Keywords: simulation,
image processing, finite element methods, sensors.
Title of the Paper: Multiple Modeling
and Fuzzy Predictive Control of A Tubular Heat Exchanger System
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Authors: A. H. Mazinan, N. Sadati
Abstract: In this paper, a novel generalized predictive control (GPC)
strategy using multiple models approach has been presented. The proposed
strategy is realized based on the Takagi-Sugeno-Kang
(TSK) fuzzy-based modeling for control of a tubular heat exchanger system. In
this strategy, different operating environments of the system with varying
parameters are first identified. Then for each environment, a linear model
and its corresponding fuzzy predictive controller are designed. For
demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed approach, simulations are
done and the results are compared with those obtained using the single model
predictive control approach. The results can verify the validity of the
proposed control scheme.
Keywords: Fuzzy
generalized predictive control, TSK fuzzy-based modeling, multiple models
control approach, tubular heat exchanger system, the best model
identification, operating environments.
Title of the Paper: Impact
of MOSFET's Performance on its Threshold Voltage and its Influence on Design
of MOS Inverters
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Authors: Milaim
Zabeli, Nebi Caka, Myzafere Limani, Qamil
Kabashi
Abstract: The aim of this paper is to research the impact of physical
parameters which characterize the MOSFET transistors structure on the
threshold voltage values and its influence on critical voltage values which
characterize digital circuits that contain the MOSFET transistors. The
results obtained emphasize the impact of each single physical parameter on
the total value of the threshold voltage. By adjusting the values of MOSFET
physical parameters the accepted threshold voltage can be achieved. Since the
threshold voltage will have influence on critical voltage values which characterise MOS inverters and delay times during
transfer logic states between stages, it must be taken into consideration
during design phase of logic gates that contain the MOSFET transistors.
Keywords: Threshold
Voltage, MOSFET Parameters, Enhancement-Type NMOS, Impurities, Doped Density,
Short-Channel, Narrow-Channel, Voltage Level, Propagation Delay, Critical
Values.
Title of the Paper: A Novel and Accelerated
Genetic Algorithm
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Authors: Huang Bao-Juan,
Zhuang Jian, Yu De-Hong
Abstract: Genetic algorithm (GA) is very helpful when the developer does not have
precise domain expertise, because GA possesses the ability to explore and
learn from their domain. At present, the research of GA mainly focuses on the
three operators and devotes to improve the algorithm efficiency and avoid
premature convergence. This paper presents a cycle mutation operator and a
novel selection operator; accordingly, an improved cycle mutation genetic
algorithm (ICMGA) is schemed, The experimental results compared with other
genetic algorithms validate the performance of this algorithm, such as the
exploration ability in search space, the stabilization and calculation speed,
are all superior to other algorithms, and ICMGA is not sensitive to the
initial population distribution.
Keywords: Genetic
algorithm, Evolution algorithm, mutation operator, selection operator, and
cycle mutation operator
Title of the Paper: DSP-Based
Two-Synchronized Motors Control System Using External FPGA Design
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Authors: Omar Al-Ayasrah, Ayman Al-Lawama
Abstract: There are many applications that have more than one motor to be
controlled dependently to execute the same task or independently to execute
different tasks at the same time with high performance low cost control
system. This paper presents a Two-Synchronized Motors Control System Using
External FPGA Design with high performance and low cost for a variety of
applications. The proposed technique is DSP and FPGA based system. An
external FPGA structural design is interfaced with the PWM Generation Unit of
the D SP board for the use of Two-Motor Control using one DSP Processor. The
system is implemented using the Analog Devices Blackfin™
ADSP-BF561 dual core Digital Signal Processor (DSP). Core 1 is dedicated to
implement the motor one control algorithm while core 2 mainly implements the
motor two control algorithm with one PWM Generation Uni
t to reduce the overall cost and complexity of the motors control system. The
FPGA design is implemented using VHDL language and downloaded successfully to
the XILINX VERTEX-E FPGA. The FPGA board is then interfaced successfully with
the ADSP PWM Unit. Simulation and experimental results are achieved
successfully and introduced in this paper.
Keywords: Blackfin ADSP-BF561, FPGA, Two Motors Control.
Title of the Paper: A Practical
Approach for Position Control of a Robotic Manipulator Using a Radial Basis
Function Network and a Simple Vision System
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Authors: Bach H. Dinh,
Matthew W. Dunnigan, Donald
S. Reay
Abstract: This paper proposes a new practical approach using a RBFN (Radial
Basis Function Network) to approximate the inverse kinematics function of a
robot manipulator. It can be effectively applied for position control of a
real robot-vision system in which robot movement in the workspace is observed
by a camera. In fact, there are several traditional methods based on the
known geometry of the manipulator to determine the relationship between the
joint variable space and the world coordinate space. However, these
traditional methods are impractical if the manipulator geometry cannot be
determined easily, a robot-vision system for example. Therefore, a neural
network with its inherent learning ability can be an effective alternative
solution for the inverse kinematics problem. In this paper, an approach using
a RBFN with predefined centres in the hidden layer
(distributed regularly in the workspace) and a combination of the strict
interpolation method and the LMS (Least
Mean Square) algorithm is presented for
effective learning of the inverse kinematic
function. By using the strict interpolation method and constrained training
data an appropriate approximation of the inverse kinematic
function can be produced. However, this solution has the difficulty of how to
collect the constrained training patterns whose inputs are selected at
pre-defined positions in the workspace. Additionally, the LMS algorithm can
incrementally update the linear output-layer weights through an on-line
training process. Thus, the proposed idea of combining these techniques can
produce the advantages of both methods to deal with the difficulties in
practical applications, such as the sensitive structure of a real
robot-vision system or a realistic situation where the initial setup and
application environments are different. To verify the performance of the
proposed approach, practical experiments have been performed using a
Mitsubishi PA10- 6CE manipulator observed by a webcam. All application programmes, such as robot servo control, neural network,
and image processing were written in C/C++ and run in a real-time robotic
system. The experimental results prove that the proposed approach is
effective.
Keywords: RBFN,
robot-vision, strict interpolation, inverse kinematics, PA10-6CE manipulator.
Title of the Paper: A Robust Forced
Dynamic Sliding Mode Minimum Energy Position Controller for Permanent Magnet
Synchronous Motor Drives
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Authors: Stephen J. Dodds,
Gunaratnam. Sooriyakumar,
Roy Perryman
Abstract: As a contribution towards improving the environment, a new position
controller for vector controlled electric drives employing permanent magnet
synchronous motors (PMSM) is presented that achieves approximately 27% less
frictional energy loss than a conventional controller adjusted to give the
same manoeuvre time for the same initial and final
positions. The frictional energy loss minimisation
is carried out within the constraint of a velocity-time profile of fixed form
to achieve prescribed manoeuvre times for
relatively large step reference position changes. Optimal settings of the
parameters of the velocity-time profile are made to minimise
the energy loss. The control system robustness is achieved through the use of
two control techniques, forced dynamic control (FDC) and sliding mode control
(SMC), which maintain the velocity-time profile regardless of the mechanical
load presented to the motor. The closed loop system automatically enters a
linear operational mode with prescribed dynamics as the demanded position is
approached, enabling derivative feed forward pre-compensation techniques to
eliminate dynamic lag if needed. Vector control is achieved by an FDC direct
axis current control loop with zero reference input, assuming a non-salient
PMSM. The only information required from the user is the reference position
and the required manoeuvre time. For commissioning,
no time consuming adjustment of PI controllers is needed in contrast to
conventional vector controlled drives. Only the following parametric entries
are needed: a) the motor power and voltage ratings, the permanent magnet
flux, the number of pole pairs and an estimate of the total moment of inertia
presented to the rotor, to calculate the maximum rotor angular acceleration
magnitude for which no motor control torque saturation can occur and b) the
settling time for the FDC direct axis current control. Since a specified manoeuvre time may be realised,
the method is especially suited to applications in which more than one
position control loop has to be coordinated. The performance of the new
controller and its advantages over a conventional controller adjusted to
yield the same settling time are demonstrated by simulations.
Keywords: Forced dynamic
control, sliding mode control, synchronous motor drives, minimum energy manoeuvres.
Title of the Paper: The Influence of
Disturbed Measured Values and Counter Pulses on Gas Volume Control
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Authors: Wacker
H. D., Boercsoek J.
Abstract: Firstly the authors explain the nature of contracts between primary
suppliers of gas and local suppliers. They then describe and investigate an
effect observed frequently in the field of gas volume and flow control.
Instead of running a straight line, the volume controller opens or closes the
control valve dramatically at the end of the accounting period. The effect
turns out to be caused by a relative deviation of the measured value of the
gas flow rate from the actual value, and it is explained by solving an easy
differential equation. Rounding errors occurring during necessary
calculations may lead to the same effect. In section 2 of their paper the
authors introduce a more general linear differential equation to describe
various kinds of perturbations simultaneously: relative and absolute
deviations of the measured values from the actual values of the gas flow rate
and pulses disturbing the pulses counting the standard volume flown so far.
By solving the differential equation and analyzing the solution, the authors
then explain the influence of the perturbations on the behaviour
of the control valve. They too discuss the risk of running a peak load, i.e.
of exceeding the contracted amount of gas.
Keywords: Gas Distribution
System, Gas Supplier, Third Party Contract, electronic corrector systems,
Standard Volume, Volume Control, Control Valve, flow rate, PID Control,
Internal Set Point
Title of the Paper: Integrated
Management and Optimization of the Sanitation Cycle Using Intelligent
Automation Systems and Communication Networks
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Authors: Marcelo De Souza, Sergio Luiz Pereira, Caio Fernando
Fontana, Eduardo
Mario Dias
Abstract: The recognition of the importance of our planet’s water resources
by human society increased significantly during the last decade. With a
growing population and environmental degradation, an efficient management of
water resources is even more vital to mankind. This article introduces a new
systemic proposal for an efficient management of water treatment stations and
also the entire sanitation cycle. Maximizing the efficiency of water resource
management, as proposed in this article, requires the development and
implementation of an automation system based on intelligent systems and
communication networks. Therefore, the proposal of integrated management and
optimization of the sanitation cycle presented in this article is a
contribution to the improvement of sustainability for human evolution.
Keywords: Automation,
Management, Sanitation, Sustainability, Intelligent, Instrumentation,
Communication Networks
Issue 5, Volume 3, May 2008
Title of the Paper: Design and Fuzzy
Control of Hand Prosthesis or Anthropomorphic Robotic Hand
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Authors: Catrina
Chivu, Catalin Chivu, Catalin Georgescu
Abstract: Hand prosthesis and anthropomorphic robotic hand can be designed
starting from the same mechanical structure, actuating system and control
system. Thus, it is useful to have software that helps the engineers to
design the optimum system. The present paper presents such software that
includes one of the possible mechanical structures used both in hand
prosthesis and anthropomorphic robotic hands, the actuating system and the
control system. For control system was chosen the fuzzy control.
Keywords: hand
prosthesis, anthropomorphic robotic hand, fuzzy control, design and
simulation.
Title of the Paper: Romanian Language
and Dialog systems
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Authors: Catrina
Chivu, Catalin Chivu, Catalin Georgescu
Abstract: The automated dialog systems are based on natural language
processing, which has as main purpose the development of language computing
theory using knowledge specific to informatics field, as algorithms, data
structures, knowledge representation models and automat reasoning models. For
many specialists in the field, speech technology includes two main subfields:
vocal synthesis and speech recognition. These two subfields are
complementary. The present paper presents such a system developed for Romanian
language.
Keywords: speech
recognition, vocal synthesis, programming, prosthetics, neural network, MBroli, SAPI
Title of the Paper: Coordination of the
Authority between the Vehicle Driver and a Steering Assist Controller
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Authors: Liang-Kuang
Chen, Bo-Jun Shieh
Abstract: Driver steering control performance varies with time during the
vehicle driving course. A serial vehicle steering assist controller is
designed to provide steering correction that can compensate the difference
between the current driver and an “idealized” driver model. Using variable
structure model reference adaptive control, a robust adaptive controller for
lane keeping assist is developed. To reduce the complexity in control
computations, a simplified version of the robust adaptive steering assist
controller is also developed. Due to the significant variations in human
driver behaviour, the stability of the compensated
system is not guaranteed and conflict between the driver and the steering
assist controller exist. A model predictive control based driver model and a
dual-loop structure driver model are employed to represent the variations in
driver intention, and the conflict between the controller and the driver is
observed from computer simulations. A simple decision making algorithm is
implemented and the conflict situations are successfully avoided for
different driver behaviour modes and driving
scenarios. Future work of this research will focus on implementing the
designed controller on a driving simulator and experiments with human drivers
on the driving simulator.
Keywords: vehicle
steering assist, driver interaction
Title of the Paper: Control Systems,
Smart Sensors, Controller, Elements in a Control Loop,
Java Card and Security
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Authors: Nderim
Zeqiri, Artan Luma
Abstract: An automatic control system is a preset closed-loop control system
that requires no operator action. This assumes the process remains in the
normal range for the control system. Elements of automatic control. Finding a
transfer function for block Diagram of CNC machine-tool control system. The
control system design will attempt to evaluate the system response by
determining a mathematical model for the system. We have described the
generalized schematic block-diagram for a closed loop, or feedback control
system. Feedback loop is the signal path from the output back to the input to
correct for any variation between the output levels from the set level.
Programming serial and parallel port. The broad usage of Java language and
Java Cards in various different fields has made them quite applicable and implementable in different applications and systems.
Keywords: Automation,
Control, System, Serial port, Parallel port, Java, Security
Title of the Paper:
Design and Analysis of GA based Neural/Fuzzy
Optimum Adaptive Control
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Authors: Jaswinder
Singh, Aman Ganesh
Abstract: Process changes, such as flow disturbances and sensor noise, are
common in the chemical and metallurgical industries. To maintain optimal
performance, the controlling system has to adapt continuously to these
changes. This is a difficult problem because the controller also has to
perform well while it is adapting. The Adaptive Neural Controller (ANC)
developed in this paper satisfies these goals. Using a neural network
controller, ANC modifies the network parameters through Genetic Algorithms.
Along with this a Fuzzy logic Controller is also implemented for the on-line
tuning of PID controller even in the presence of noise. The performance of
these approaches has been evaluated using data of different plants on a
common set of performance indices. The simulations results show that
identified GA based Adaptive neuro-controller along
with PID controller was able to adapt to process changes while simultaneously
avoiding hard constraints. The identified ANC balances the need to adapt with
the need to preserve generalization, and constitutes a general tool for
adapting neural controllers on-line. While the fuzzy system which is rather
simple to build and implement (because of small computational efforts)
considerably improves the system dynamics.
Keywords:
Proportional-Integral-Derivative controller, Adaptive Neuro
Controller, Genetic Algorithms
Title of the Paper: Possibility to
Continuously Control the Tilt of Excavators with an Inclinometer
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Authors: Florin
Dumitru Popescu, Marin Silviu Nan
Abstract: The main problem, on which emphasis is laid, is how to maintain the
stability of rotor excavators, the main machinery of a technological
extracting system employed for coal mining, or any other extraction
machinery, in balance. The balance survey, respectively that of the stability
of these machineries is compulsory because the bearing surface is rather
small compared to the other building sub-systems outside the range of the
surface, onto which much higher forces operate. The lack of correct balance
for the rotor excavators determines their operation in an inadequate dynamic
mode, or in extreme cases, there is the danger of losing stability by tilting
over the excavator respectively suffering huge material and human loss. Thus,
these excavators have a mass of balance theoretically measured during the
production process. It is compulsory for the correctness of the position and
mass value of balance to be checked because there might be substantial error
sources leading to compromise the operation. For the machineries and installations
that have a small bearing surface compared to their height, an efficient
control of balance can be done only if the angle of tilt of the
superstructure is known, and if the angle does not exceed certain values. The
limit values of the angle of tilt are determined by one condition, i.e. the
composite force of both the interior and the exterior forces should pierce
the plan, which is bounded by the props of the machinery. In order to
continuously measure the angle of tilt of the superstructure, in any direction
possible, recent studies highlight the possibility of using inclinometer to
be able to control the balance and respectively the stability of rotor excavators. By measuring the angle of tilt for a structure
considered rigid with the help of inclinometers, we are looking to evaluate
the movement of the center of gravity toward the interior of the bearing
surface, which may have consequences on the stability of the machinery. Thus
a continuous control using computers over the tilt of the structure can be
made considering the two perpendicular directions, so as the limit value of
the angle of stability is not exceeded.
Keywords: Barycentre, Inclinometers, Data acquisitioning card,
Artificial horizon, Excavator
Title of the Paper:
Controls Ways of the Transportation
Capacity Variation for the Canvas Conveyer
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Authors: Florin
Dumitru Popescu
Abstract: Mining transportation is an important element of the economic
efficiency rising in mining sector, because the transportation average
included in the cost of production for one tone of extracted coal, represents approximately half of it. In order to
control the transportation system and to have enough information about the
below-ground and the above-ground manufacturing process, it is necessary to
keep a close look on the transported output through the canvas conveyer. The permanent measurement of the mining material
volume controlled by continuous transporting equipment machines implies
knowing its transversal section profile at a given moment and the
instantaneous velocity of the transporting belt conveyor. The approximation
of the material profile section is done by measuring the level of the
transporting material in different points and afterwards by approximating the
corresponding curve through methods of numerical interpolation. In this paper
two approximation (interpolation) methods are presented: Lagrange and the spline functions method. The present study wants to solve
the problem by using some unconventional methods, in order to assure
reliability, precision, as well as the possibility of integrating it into the
mining monitoring system. The constant measurement of the cross section of
the transported material through the canvas conveyer, as well as of the belt
speed, leads to the determination of the transported volume, and depending on
it, knowing the average density, you can determine the output.
Keywords: Interpolation,
Lagrange, Spline, Polynomial, Function, Ultrasound
Transducers
Title of the Paper: New PWM Switching
Technique for an Optimum Inverter Operation
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Authors: Jasim.
A. Ghaeb, Osama. M. Aloquili
Abstract: The main purpose of Pulse-Width –Modulation (PWM) technique in
power inverters is to control the output voltage. The most familiar
techniques: uniform-pulse-width-modulation and sinusoidal-pulse-width-modulation.
A Small Boundary-Pulse-Width (SBPW) technique for improving the inverter
performance is proposed. The new method is based on pulse-width technique.
Varied pulse-widths for the middle and boundary pulses are produced, to obtain
an improved inverter operation with less generation of harmonics. Simulation
results show that the SBPW technique outperforms some of the traditional
methods.
Keywords:
Pulse-width–modulation (PWM) control, DC to AC inverters, Harmonic control,
Energy conversion.
Title of the Paper: A Practical
Approach to Control and Self-Localization of an Omni- Directional Mobile Robot
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Authors: S. Ziaei-Rad,
F. Janabi-Sharifi, M. Daneshpanah,
A. Abdollahi, H. Ostadi, H. Samani
Abstract: Due to their advantages, omni-directional mobile robots have found
many applications especially in robotic soccer competitions. Despite recent
advances, effective control and self-localization of omni-directional mobile
robots remain as important and challenging issues. In this work, a practical
approach for control and self-localization of an omni-directional robot is
proposed. For this purpose, a simplified model of the system is derived for
fast tuning of the control system parameters. In particular, strategies for
fast tuning of PID/PD coefficients for position and orientation control are
devised. A vision-based self-localization and the conventional odometry systems are fused for robust self-localization.
The methods have been tested in the RoboCup
competition field using three Persia
middle size omni-directional robots. The experimental results are shown to
demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system and its comparison with
a few other compatible approaches.
Keywords:
Omni-directional, Mobile robot, Control,
Self-localization.
Title of the Paper: Contact
Force-Controlled SPM System Design with Fuzzy Controller
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Authors: Po-Kuang
Chang, Jium-Ming Lin
Abstract: This research applied both the traditional PI (Proportion and
Integration) compensator and the PD (Proportion and Derivation) type fuzzy
controller for a ccontact force-controlled Scanning
Probe Microscope (SPM) system design. In addition, the actuator hysteresis effect was taken into consideration. It can be
seen that the system performance obtained by the proposed fuzzy controller
was much better, especially in eliminating the actuator hysteresis
effect. This improvement has been verified by MATLAB simulation and practical
implementation of a surface profiler.
Keywords: Scanning probe
microscope, Force actuator, Hysteresis effect,
Fuzzy controller
Title of the Paper: Mobile
Satellite Antenna Tracking System Design with Intelligent Controller
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Authors: Po-Kuang
Chang, Jium-Ming Lin
Abstract: This research applied an intelligent controller for mobile
satellite antenna tracking system design. The intelligent controller is with
both the traditional PI and the fuzzy control methods. The antenna tracking and
the stabilization loops were designed firstly according to the bandwidth and
phase margin requirements. However, the performance would be degraded if the
tacking loop gain is reduced due to parameter variation. On the other hand a
PD type of fuzzy controller was also applied for tracking loop design. It can
be seen that the system performance obtained by the fuzzy controller was
better for low antenna tracking gain. Thus this research proposed an
intelligent controller by taking both traditional PI and fuzzy controllers
for antenna tracking system design with appropriate weighting factors. The
results show that the performances are better, and the tracking gain
parameter variation effect can be reduced.
Keywords: Antenna
tracking loop, Stabilization loop, Fuzzy controller, PI compensator,
Intelligent controller
Title of the Paper: Quality Evaluation
Based Fuzzy Residual Modelling. Application in Hot
Rolling
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Authors: Salah
Bouhouche, Mostefa Yahi, Benjam Hocine, Jurgen Bast
Abstract: On line quality evaluation is an important domain particularly in
the complex processes where the characteristic of the product quality is
difficult to measure directly. Evaluation based modelling
techniques can be considered as an alternative to solve such complex problem.
We consider in this work a contribution for product quality evaluation in hot
rolling using fuzzy models. Residual changes are used to obtain an evaluation
of product quality. Fuzzy rules are implemented in basis of the residual and
first derivative changes. Application in hot rolling shows that this approach
can be recommended as part of a tool of on line quality evaluation and
classification.
Keywords: Fuzzy
reasoning, On-line Quality Control, Quality Classification, Hot Rolling
Process
Title of the Paper: Robust Control
Strategy to Parameter Variations for an Interior PM Synchronous Machine
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Authors: Vasile
Horga, Dorin Lucache, Marcel Ratoi, Alecsandru Simion, Mihai Albu
Abstract: The interior permanent magnet (IPM) synchronous machines have
several desirable features for automotive, tools machines and residential
drive applications. When operating over a wide speed range, the main problem
is to assure a proper and automatically set flux weakening. The paper
presents a control structure of an IPM synchronous machine proper to be used
also in the motoring regime, generating regime or in an integrated
starter-generator regime. The control algorithm assures insensitivity to the
load parameters variation. Experimental results for both cranking and
generation are shown and analyzed.
Keywords: synchronous
machine, interior permanent magnet, flux weakening, vector control
Title of the Paper:
Reconfigurable Machine Tool Programming– A
New Approach
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Authors: A. Epureanu,
F. B. Marin, V. Marinescu, M. Banu, I. Constantin
Abstract: This paper presents a new programming approach based on a proposed
hardware and control architecture for the reconfigurable manufacturing tool
machine. A new CAM is described based on
virtual machining algorithm that optimizes feedrate
scheduling based on geometric simulation and aims to improve the efficiency
of cutting process developed using a reconfigurable machine, configured as
lathe with a specific architecture. A searching procedure is proposed to find
the parameter values corresponding to cutter locations along tool path during
generation of the final surface.
Keywords: RMT
programming, feedrate scheduling, reconfigurable
machining system, numerical control, optimal control, virtual machining
Title of the Paper:
Online Adaptive Learning System for
Reconfigurable Machine Tool
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Authors: V. Marinescu,
I. C. Constantin, A. Epureanu, M. Banu, F. B. Marin
Abstract: Batch manufacturing is a widely used technique in today economy.
The conceptual change of the way in which the manufacturing machines are
controlled is the most important aspect in which is possible to conform with
the market demands so their reconfigurability would
not affect competitiveness. The problem to be solved in this paper consists
in a control method development for predictive control based on prediction of
the controlled variables deviation values in respect with their programmed
values and also to predict the process parameters for which chatter will
appear. . The basic idea is to use the data set obtained by monitoring the
process during the manufacturing of the previous workpieces
and during the current workpiece in order to
predict the controlled variable value and to train a clasiffier
algorithm. The method proposed consists in determining of the causal relation
between one controlled variable and the monitored variables and then
predicting its value in order to compensate the deviation from the program.
Keywords: online learning
system, reconfigurable machining system, adaptive control, predictive
control, error compensation, chatter, turning
Issue 6, Volume 3, June 2008
Title of the Paper: 3D Atmospheric
Modeling based on MODTRAN4
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Authors: Ge
Li, Zhifeng Lu, Gang Guo, Kedi Huang
Abstract: All the factors of atmospheric environment that influence the
transmission of infrared radiation were analyzed in detail in the paper.
Taking horizontally varying atmospheric property into consideration, a 3D
model of atmospheric transmission of infrared radiation is established based
on MODTRAN4. Moreover, the methods of calculating the ratio of atmospheric
transmission, path radiation and single scatter solar radiation are
presented. This 3D model is running by using the spectral database generated
by MODTRAN4. It can handle attenuation of infrared radiation through the 3D
atmosphere when target is below 60km. Implementation details are also
presented.
Keywords: Infrared
Radiation, Model, MODTRAN4, Path Radiation, Ratio of Atmospheric Transmission,
Simulation, Single Scatter Solar Radiation
Title of the Paper: Structure Design
and Indirect Adaptive General Predictive Temperature Control of a Class of
Passive HVAC
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Authors: Tawegoum
Rousseau
Abstract: This study focuses firstly on the numerical investigation of an air
conditioning unit prototype developed to guarantee a microclimate with
controlled temperature and relative humidity set points for crop growth
chambers. Numerical techniques based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
were implemented to estimate component size and to analyze the flow
characteristics of the mixed air produced by the device. Simulations disclose
a non-linear relationship between the air flow rate and the aperture opening,
and also show that the mixing zone was not perfect but could be improved by
the addition of baffles. The promising results obtained from CFD were used to
improve the automation of the device for potential application in closed
greenhouses. Secondly, the indirect adaptive generalized predictive control
strategy (IAGPC) with a decentralized architecture was used to control the
temperature of the air conditioning unit. As the process involves
time-varying, the use of a recursive estimation approach with a fixed forget
factor was adopted to estimate in real time the system parameters, and to
adapt simultaneously the GPC controller parameters. In order to achieve a
local and global efficient performance, the proposed decentralized IAGPC
architecture was applied to two principal subsystems, which compose the
global unit. A significant real time experimental improvement in the system
performance is observed on temperature control for a wide range of operating
points.
Keywords: numerical
simulation, air flow distribution, time varying parameters, decentralized
control, adaptive control.
Title of the Paper: A Decision Method
for Recognition in Video and Infrared Multicameras
System
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Authors: Cornel Barna
Abstract: This article presents an information fusion based decision method
for a recognition system composed by two video cameras and two infrared
cameras. First, for each of video and infrared cameras systems, geometric
characteristics are obtained which in a second stage are used in three types
of information fusion. The decision, for determining the label of the object
captured in the images is made using a soft type rule by considering the
original algorithm based on a modified Hebb-law.
Comparing this result with a hard method, it can be concluded that the
performance of the presented soft method overtakes the hard one.
Keywords: Uncertainty,
Information fusion, Video cameras, Infrared cameras, Soft and Hard decision
Title of the Paper: Constrained Model
Predictive Control Implementation for a Heavy-Duty Gas Turbine Power Plant
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Authors: Hadi
Ghorbani, Ali Ghaffari, Mehdi Rahnama
Abstract: In this paper, model predictive control (MPC) strategy is
implemented to a GE9001E gas turbine power plant. A linear model is developed
for the gas turbine using conventional mathematical models and ARX
identification procedure. Also a process control model is identified for
system outputs prediction. The controller is designed in order to adjust the
exhaust gas temperature and the rotor speed by compressor inlet guide vane
(IGV) position and fuel signals. The proposed system is simulated under load
demand disturbances. It is shown that MPC controller can maintain the rotor
speed and exhaust gas temperature more accurately in comprehension with both SpeedTronic™ control system and conventional PID control.
Keywords: Gas turbine,
Identification, ARX, Predictive control, Power plant, Modeling, Multivariable
control, PID
Title of the Paper: The Relevant
Request Determination in the Public Transport System
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Authors: Monica Parvan,
Florian Ghionea,
Cristina Flaut
Abstract: For the moment, “the relevant request determination in the public
transport system” is solved using heuristic rules. This paper proves that
this method, trying to simplify the maximum demanding, looses circumstances
that modify essentially the results. We propose a new method for solving this
issue, not using only maximum, but a combination of maximum and minimum,
which, we will prove, has better results.
Keywords: Request
determination in public transportation; reduction of rides requests in time;
Bellman’s optimal principle; dynamic programming, linear programming.
Title of the Paper: An Epistemological
Comparison between Fuzzy Logic Engines and Bayesian Filters
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Authors: Claudiu
Pozna, Catalin Alexandru
Abstract: In this paper we analyze two methods of artificial intelligence:
the Bayesian filter and the Fuzzy Logic engine. In order to do this we
present each method and compare them. The mentioned methods have similar
backgrounds but from epistemological point of view they are different. The
paper ends with three case studies: the first about a Fuzzy Logic engine
which is integrated into a Bayesian filter, this give us the possibility to
underline the mentioned difference; the second case study about a mobile
robot, where we present the main advantage of the Bayesian filter, which is
the possibility to compute the degree of true about the model result; and the
third case study about human decision modeling with Bayesian reasoning, where
we underline the flexibility of the method.
Keywords: Artificial
intelligence methods, Fuzzy Logic, Plausible reasoning, Bayesian filter,
Degree of true
Title of the Paper: Aspects Regarding
the Object Following Control Procedure for Wheeled Mobile
Robots
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Authors: Adrian Korodi,
Alexandru Codrean, Liviu Banita, Constantin Volosencu
Abstract: The wheeled mobile robots are representing an increasing research
domain, both the hardware and the software part representing a challenge.
Among the many tasks that the robots have to realize, the object following
task is one of the most important ones. Almost every group of robots, which
are realizing a cooperative action has to be able to accomplish this task, as
well as a single robot has to be able to reach a detected object in the
environment. The aim of this paper is to provide a control strategy for
wheeled mobile robots realizing the object following task. Also, the paper
provides a redundant solution for the robot following function in the case of
multiple wheeled mobile robots, solution based on wireless communication.
Infrared and sonar sensors are used to provide the inputs for the controller.
The control strategy takes into consideration that the robot moves in a
dynamic environment and it has to follow the target object regardless of
other interfering elements.
Keywords: object
following control, PID control, redundancy, wheeled mobile robots,
cooperative mobile robots, sensor fault detection, fault
tolerance.
Title of the Paper: The Actuators
Control by Probabilistic Mathematical Modelling
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Authors: Luige
Vladareanu, Ion Ion, Ovidiu Sandru, Lucian M. Velea, Mihai S. Munteanu
Abstract: The paper presents a new real time control method in actuators
continuous flux and their implementation using complex automations, aimed at
determining the behaviour, functional parameters
and performances. The mathematical model is presented for the real-time
control problem of continuous flow actuators and there are indicated two
probabilistic modalities which have been approached: a probabilistic
evaluation and a linear prediction based procedure. The experimental results
are in good agreement with the theoretically predicted results for
mathematical modelling of the correlation between
actuators. Finally, we obtain real-time control of actuators without the
entry signals to be generated by the trial actuator by means of direct
measurement. Theoretic and experimental results have shown that the behaviour errors of the actuators that have been tested
through the proposed method are less than 1% while the testing duration is
over 30 times less.
Keywords: actuator
control, real time control,complex automations,
mathematic modelling, PLCs,
probabilistic evaluation, linear prediction
Title of the Paper: Digital Control
Applications using TI Digital Signal Controller
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Authors: Petru
Dobra, Radu Duma, Daniel Moga, Mirela Trusca
Abstract: Two digital control applications are presented: velocity control of
a DC motor and adaptive system identification and
control of an automotive alternator. A tuning method is proposed for DC
motors. Experimental application for the DC motor illustrates the
effectiveness and the simplicity of the proposed method for controller
design. Using adaptive system identification, an automotive alternator is
identified. A regulator is implemented in order to control its output
voltage. The control applications run on a Texas Instruments Digital Signal
Controller. Rapid Control Prototyping is used for code generation. Once the
desired functionality has been captured and simulated, using the MATLAB/Simulink/Real-Time Workshop environment can be generated
code for the DSP. All task assignments to processor are automatically made by
the software.
Keywords: Embedded
Target, DC motor, Digital Signal Controller, Digital Control, Rapid Control
Prototyping, Digital Signal Processor, Matlab/Simulink,
Code Composer Studio.
Title of the Paper: From Model-Based
Strategies to Intelligent Control Systems
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Authors: Ioan
Dumitrache
Abstract: This paper presents the evolution of control systems and trends in
the field of integrated computer, communication and cognitive sciences for
control applications. There have been selected and presented the most
efficient control strategies used in complex process control, as well as the
limitations of model-based approaches in cases that imply complex, non-linear
and uncertain process models. In this context, the paper presents some trends
in robust identification and design of adaptive control systems with a high
level of robustness. Concepts for autonomous control of complex systems by
the integration of intelligent methodologies are analyzed. Some aspects of
hybrid intelligent control are considered and new directions of research
towards creating a new generation of control systems are presented. The paper
also includes a review of the evolution of computer controlled applications and
a new paradigm - C4 - is analyzed from concept to
application. Therefore, the transition from C2 to C4
paradigm is illustrated in the context of integrating computers,
communication and cognition in control. Finally, advanced control techniques
for manufacturing are presented, including intelligent agents, leading to
large Intelligent Manufacturing Systems. Some trends in the control of
complex systems are presented, including multiagent
technology and hybrid systems formalism.
Keywords: model-based
systems, intelligent control systems
Title of the Paper: Control-Theoretic
Results on Dynamic Decision Making
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Authors: S. Y. Xu,
Z. P. Jiang, Y. Yang, L. Huang, D. W. Repperger
Abstract: Several approaches to learning in dynamic decision making tasks are
developed in this paper on the basis of the application of feedback control
theory to the case study of the Sugar Production Factory task. Previous
experimental models are not robust to workload change and require a large
amount of information to be stored. The control model presented here not only
avoids such shortcomings, but also significantly enhances the system
efficiency, adaptivity and robustness. On the other
hand, as trust and self-confidence are closely linked to the capacity of
automation and manual control in a supervisory control system, it behooves us
to develop a dynamic model to assist the operator in gaining a better
understanding of capacities. A quantitative model of trust in automation is
then proposed to accurately characterize operator’s reliance on automation.
Those results are demonstrated through simulation within a framework of a
Sugar Factory supervisory control system.
Keywords: Control theory,
Dynamic decision making, reliance on automation, Sugar Factory task, supervisory control.
Title of the Paper: Advanced Algorithms
for Coupled and Inverse Problems in Electrical Engineering
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Authors: Ion Carstea
Abstract: This paper presents some theoretical and numerical problems that
arise in the analysis of coupled electromagnetic-thermal problems, and
inverse problems in electromagnetic devices.
The principal objective of the paper is to describe some computational
aspects for coupled electromagnetic and thermal fields in the context of the
finite element method, with emphasis on the reduction of the computing
resources. We present coupled models for magnetic field and thermal field.
The mathematical model for magnetic field is based on time-harmonic Maxwell
equations in vector magnetic potential formulation for axisymmetric
fields. The model for the heat transfer is the heat conduction equation.
We propose simplified numerical models for coupled fields in electromagnetic
devices with target examples on the induction heating devices and
high-voltage and large power cables. Domain decomposition is presented in the
context of the coupled fields. The analysis domain is divided into two
overlapping subdomains for the two coupled-fields
considering physical significance of the pseudo-boundary of the two subdomains.
Keywords: Coupled fields;
Inverse problems; Finite element method.
Title of the Paper: Solutions for
Nonlinear Multivariable Processes Control
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Authors: Lupu
Ciprian, Popescu Dumitru, Udrea Andreea, Dimon Catalin
Abstract: The paper proposes a combined feedforward
and feedback control scheme with nonlinear compensators as a solution for
multivariable nonlinear processes. This is developed based on classic
decentralized control approach for multivariable processes. The design
methods for each structure’s component are presented. These are based on
experimental tests, classic identification and closed loop pole placement
methods. The proposed method is compared to the classic solutions given by
the decentralized and static decoupling procedures. An analysis on the
advantages and the disadvantages of the proposed structure was made. To solve
the disadvantages there have been proposed two additional structures. The
applicability of the proposed method and of the two classic methods is proved
using a real-time structure based on a RST control algorithm. In the end, its
software implementation and the obtained results are also showed and
commented.
Keywords: multivariable
control, nonlinear process, real time system
Title of the Paper: Real-time Control
Applications for Nonlinear Processes Based on Adaptive Control and the Static
Characteristic
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Authors: Ciprian
Lupu, Dumitru Popescu, Andreea Udrea
Abstract: Nonlinear systems control is a problem of great interest and some
solutions are found in the area of adaptive control. In this paper we proposes a real-time control algorithm based on a model
reference adaptive control mechanism for a class of nonlinear systems. In
order to obtain the reference model, an off-line procedure is used, while the
controller’s parameters are determined on-line, using a static gain
adaptation criterion. In order to demonstrate the relevance of this approach,
several tests on nonlinear processes, using a real-time applications package
developed in LabWindows/CVI were made. A solution,
designed for a class of nonlinear systems, based on parametric adaptation of
an RST controller is presented. Issues on the stability and robustness of the
solution are also discussed.
Keywords: model reference
adaptive control, adaptive law, real-time application
Title of the Paper: Classification with
Diffuse or Incomplete Information
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Authors: Amaury
Caballero, Kang Yen, Yechang Fang
Abstract: The problem of classification has been studied by many authors, and
different methods have been developed. In this paper a combination of rough
sets and fuzzy logic for classification is adopted. Rough set theory helps in
minimizing the number of attributes that influence the selection. Using this
technique, a group of rules can be extracted. When information is diffuse and
the number of obtained values for each attribute is large, so is the number
of rules. Even worst is hidden information in the data that makes the process
complicated. Due to this fact, an interval of values is defined for each
attribute, moving from the minimum to the maximum obtained values in the
database. This is what is defined as interval-valued information systems. For
discriminating between solutions that may give more than one possible object
due to their similarity, a fuzzy logic discrimination is proposed, which is
simple, and gives accuracy not less than other methods.
Keywords: Fuzzy Logic,
Rough Sets, Classification, Databases.
Issue 7, Volume 3, July 2008
Title of the Paper: A Pattern
Recognition and Adaptive Approach to Quality Control
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Authors: Edson
Pacheco Paladini
Abstract: The present paper describes some quality control tools that develop
an interactive and on-line evaluation of industrial products. These tools use
pattern recognition techniques in a dynamic way, it means, they control the
variations of critical characteristics of industrial products during their
effective use. They also make an adaptive evaluation because considers the
characteristics of each product under analysis. The tools generate a dynamic
and well structured model. The operation of the model considers a set of
images of the product or parts of them during some specific use or specific moment.
Using a Pattern Recognition Process, the images of the product or some parts
of them are captured and they are associated to some special matrices. The
model then analyses the properties of these images by evaluating the
properties each corresponding matrix have. This process allows determining a
set of values which describe the variations the product is showing during its
use. We gave so a model which develops a continuous evaluation of product
quality. Thus, the model checks whether the variations of the characteristic
under study are acceptable or not, considering a set of limits defined by
procedures which take into consideration particularities of the product being
studied. Thereto, the model itself determines which reference values are to
be used to evaluate such variations. In the case of monochromatic analyses,
the model seeks to define reference parameters for defect detection using
maximum variation limits of gray levels on the product surface (this makes
possible to detect the presence of a crack, for instance). In the case of
polychromatic analyses, having established a specific property (such as
intensity, saturation or chromatic hue), the model determines the most
adequate values for that property. Variations complying with those parameters
are considered to be acceptable. The top and bottom values of the acceptable
variations can accurately define product design characteristics from the
effective practical use the product is supposed to have. This paper describes
the model, reports the most usual situations for its use, discusses practical
cases where it was used and provides a critical evaluation of the results
obtained.
Keywords: Quality
control; Artificial intelligence; Pattern recognition; defect detection.
Title of the Paper: Optimal Control in
Energy Conversion of Small Wind Power Systems with
Permanent-magnet-synchronous-generators
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Authors: C. Vlad,
I. Munteanu, A. I. Bratcu, E. Ceanga
Abstract: This paper presents the results of experimental investigation of a
low-power wind energy conversion system (WECS), based on a permanent-magnet
synchronous generator (PMSG) connected directly to the turbine. A development
system was built in order to carry out the experiments. Its detailed
description is also provided. The development system can work as an
autonomous system for remote sites or as a grid-connected system,
illustrating the concept of distributed production of electrical energy. It
includes a wind turbine simulator, which is speed or torque controlled and
offers a "wind shaft", where the static and dynamic characteristics
of a turbine are obtained. The wind shaft generator drives a permanent magnet
synchronous generator (PMSG). The other components of the hybrid system are:
a battery, a classical source and, possibly, a PV source. The
hardware/software application is based on the dSPACE
system. The experimental results show that the performance of a
multi-polar-PMSG-based small wind power system is strongly determined by the
generator’s behaviour. Two optimal regimes
characteristics (ORC) are defined in this paper: the first one represents the
mechanical power versus the rotational speed (ORC) and the second one is the
electrical power delivered to a load versus the rotational speed (ORC). An
optimal control loop aiming to maximize the delivered electrical power is
designed, namely its reference is computed based on the ORC. In this way, the
global efficiency of the energy conversion is maximized. The effectiveness of
the proposed optimal control loop is illustrated by experimental results.
Keywords: wind system,
optimal control, permanent-magnet synchronous generator, hardware-in-the-loop
simulation, maximum power point tracking.
Issue 8, Volume 3, August 2008
Title of the Paper: Real-time
Neuro-fuzzy Digital Filtering: Basic Concepts
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Authors: J. J. Medel
Juarez, J. C. Garcia Infante, J. C. Sanchez Garcia
Abstract: In this paper we describe the neural fuzzy filtering properties in
real-time sense; giving an approach about the real-time neuro-fuzzy
digital filters, defined in acronym form as RTNFDF. This kind of filters
require the adaptive inference mechanism into the fuzzy logic structure to
deduce the filter answers in order to select the best parameter values into
the knowledge base (KB), actualizing the filter weights to give a good enough
answers in natural linguistic sense; this require that all of the states
bound into RTNFDF time limit as a real-time system, considering the Nyquist criteria. In this paper we characterize the
membership functions into the knowledge base in a probabilistic way respect
to the rules set decisions without lost its real-time description, performing
the RTFNDF. Moreover, the paper describes in schematic sense the neurons set
architecture into the filter description. The results expressed in formal
sense use the concepts exposed in the papers included into the references.
Finally, we present in illustrative manner the RTNFDF operations using as a
tool the Matlab© software. Explicitly, the paper
has eight sections conformed as follows: 1. Introduction, 2. Neural Architecture,
3. Rule Base Dynamics, 4. Neural Rules, 5. Real-time Descriptions, 6.
Restrictions for RTNFDF, 7. Simulation, Conclusions and References.
Keywords: Digital
filters, adaptive, neural networks, fuzzy logic, inference systems,
real-time.
Title of the Paper:
How Changes in Context Affect Human
Behaviours and Performance in Mobile Computing Systems
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Authors: Yong Jun Choi
Abstract: Many real world mobile device interactions occur in context-rich
environment. Information about how users react to changes in context and
perform in context-rich environments is crucial to informing strategies for
mobile device design. Thus, the context of use must be considered because
there are multiple tasks taking place in many mobile computing interactions.
However, few empirical studies on mobile computing regarding changes in
context impact users’ abilities to perform effectively are conducted to date.
In this investigation, context is presumed to be a set of conditions or user
states that influence the ways in which a human interacts with a mobile
computing device. In order to sense and record relevant contextual factors,
the investigations have been conducted to enable a device to sense
characteristics of mobility, such as motion and changes in environmental
conditions like lighting. The result indicates that the way in which users’ behaviour is affected by changes in context is not
uniform.
Keywords: Mobile computing system, User’s contextual behavior,
User’s performance, Mobile computing interaction, Mobility, Lighting
Title of the Paper: On Increased VZN
Suspension Performances
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Authors: Adrian-Ioan
Niculescu, Dan Dumitriu
Abstract: The paper present the increased suspension performances assured by
VZN shock absorbers, comparative with standard ones, based on a theoretical
evaluation of the pitch behaviour and a 2D, ˝ car
model simulation. The results present evolution of the front and rear body
displacements, accelerations, forces in stop bumpers, piston displacement, for
both VZN and standard shock absorbers. The new self-adjustable VZN shock
absorber confers improved flexibility to adjust each stroke part according to
the specific needs, providing a larger range of damping coefficients,
function of the relative piston position in the cylinder. Both on rebound and
compression, the VZN damping coefficients have low values at the beginning of
the strokes, becoming medium at the middle of the strokes and high and very
high to its end. So it gives a good correlation between loads and damping
coefficients, decreasing body vertical acceleration and thus increasing the
comfort, reducing speed at stroke ends and so the forces in stopper bumpers
and thus increasing axles, body and passengers’ protection, and increasing
stability at pitch.
Keywords: self-adjustable
VZN, shock absorber, half-car 2D model, Matlab/Simulink,
pitch, stability, comfort, body protection, axle protection, passenger
protection.
Title of the Paper: On
the Robustness of the Slotine-Li and the FPT/SVD-based
Adaptive Controllers
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Authors: J.
K. Tar, I. J. Rudas, Gy. Hermann, J. F. Bito, J. A. Tenreiro Machado
Abstract: - A comparative study concerning the robustness of a novel, Fixed
Point Transformations/Singular Value Decomposition (FPT/SVD)-based adaptive
controller and the Slotine-Li (S&L) approach is
given by numerical simulations using a three degree of freedom paradigm of
typical Classical Mechanical systems, the cart + double pendulum. The effects
of the imprecision of the available dynamical model, presence of dynamic friction
at the axles of the drives, and the existence of external disturbance forces
unknown and not modeled by the controller are considered. While the Slotine-Li approach tries to identify the parameters of
the formally precise, available analytical model of the controlled system
with the implicit assumption that the generalized forces are precisely known,
the novel one makes do with a very rough, affine form and a formally more
precise approximate model of that system, and uses temporal observations of
its desired vs. realized responses. Furthermore, it does not assume the lack
of unknown perturbations caused either by internal friction and/or external
disturbances. Its another advantage is that it needs the execution of the SVD
as a relatively time-consuming operation on a grid of a rough system-model
only one time, before the commencement of the control cycle within which it
works only with simple computations. The simulation examples exemplify the superiority
of the FPT/SVD-based control that otherwise has the deficiency that it can
get out of the region of its convergence. Therefore its design and use needs
preliminary simulation investigations. However, the simulations also
exemplify that its convergence can be guaranteed for various practical
purposes.
Key-Words:
- Fixed Point Transformation, Singular Value Decomposition, Slotine-Li Robot Control, Adaptive Control, Robustness
Analysis, Complete Stability, Lyapunov Function, Sliding
Mode/Variable Structure Controllers.
Title of the Paper:
Structural Properties of Linear Generalized Systems
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Authors: Valeriu Prepelita
Abstract:
Generalized linear systems are considered, which contain in their state-space
representation matrices with elements functions of bounded variation and
controls in the space of regulated functions. The Perron-Stieltjes
integral is used to obtain a variation-of-parameters formula. On this basis
the formula of the state of the system as well as the input-output map are
derived. The fundamental concepts of controllability and reachability
are analyzed in this approach by means of two controllability and reachability Gramians. An
optimal control is provided which solves the problem of the minimum energy
transfer. The observability of these generalized
systems is studied. In the case of completely observable systems a formula is
obtained which recovers the initial state from the exterior data. The duality
between the concepts of controllability and observability
is emphasized as well as Kalman’s canonical form.
Key–Words: functions of bounded variation; regulated
functions; linear systems; controllability; observability; weighting
patterns.
Title of the Paper:
Application of Fuzzy Logic Controller for Intensive Insulin Therapy in Type 1
Diabetic Mellitus Patients by Subcutaneous Route
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Authors: Laleh
Kardar, Ali Fallah,
Shahriar Gharibzadeh, Fatollah Moztarzadeh
Abstract:
- The work we describe here is aimed at assisting out-patients affected by
insulin dependent diabetes mellitus with an advisory/control algorithm. This
advisory/control algorithm incorporates expert knowledge about the treatment
of this disease by using Mamdani type fuzzy logic
controllers to regulate the blood glucose level (BGL) when the diabetic
patient is subjected to a glucose meal disturbance or fluctuations in the measured
glucose level due to error in the measuring instrument. We proposed two-level
architecture for control system. The goal of the Low Level Module is to
suggest the next insulin dosage of both short and intermediate acting insulin
(Regular and NPH) formulation that are programmed in a three-shot daily basis
before meals, depending on the blood glucose measurement. The combined
preparation is then injected by the patient through a subcutaneous route. The
High Level Module adjusts the maximum amounts of insulin provided to the
patient in a time-scale of days. This module aims to work as a supervisor of
the low level module. Simulations are illustrated, using a flow-limited model
for diabetes mellitus based on the work of Puckett.
Key-Words:
- Diabetes mellitus, Fuzzy logic controller, Intensive insulin therapy
Title of the Paper: The
Implementation of Clean Production and the use of Neural Networks in
Forecasting Waste Management
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Authors: Aleriu Lupu, Catalin Lupu, Nicolae Morariu
Abstract:
In this article we present: - the implementation of "clean
production" which means production based on careful evaluation of the
product since its design phase to ensure that both the product and processes related
to it at all stages of its life cycle (ranging the extraction of raw
materials, manufacturing, packaging, consumer / use, waste collection and
treatment) promotes the interests of the community, in particular as regards
the environment. Clean production has four main elements: - Caution, which
involves taking measures insurers even in the case of yet unconfirmed suspicions
concerning a potential novitiate to human health or the environment;
-
Prevention, as expression of conscience that is cheaper and more efficient to
prevent environmental
degradation than to provide remedies;
-
Democratic participation in decision-making of all stakeholders
-
An integrated and holistic approach.
- a new concept
taking in consideration the sweepings administration and which consist
in: 1. the employment of neuronal network for predict serial time
representing sweepings amount which are collected from population in time. The
problems of prediction the serial time can be associated with neuronal
network call “feed-forward”. Number of entrances unities are equal than
number of emergences unities. The number of emergences unities represents the
target of prediction. The prediction “one step before” can be realized with
an emergences unities network, and the prediction with “K steps before” can
be associate to a network with K emergences unities. Examples: 1. A model of
a neuronal network “one step before”, which use six terms of serial time to
predict the next term of series ( 6 neurons at entrance, 15 in hide tier and
one in emergence tier, entering ==(xt-1, xt-2, xt-3, xt-4, xt-5, xt-6, ), emergence
= xt ); 2. A model of a neuronal network in to 8
terms of serial time are using for predict the next 2 terms; 3. A model of
neuronal network in to 6+2(t-1) terms of serial time are using for predict the
next “t” terms. - the employment of a
new index BPL for the prognosis of sweepings administration consulting of: 1.
population (the index of variety of population); 2.“the
habitat” of sanitation services; 3. economic development: - the
economic development with α% / year represents an increase of assimilated
sweepings amount emanated from shop keeping (Pce –
the economic development percent ); - the grows with β% / year
of purchase represent an increase of sweepings (Pv
– the purchase grows percent) 4. the amount of
sweepings collected from population and economics agents; 5. the amount of sweeping from gardens, plaza and streets; 6.
the amount of mud from service station, from
buildings and knockings. For prognosis of sweepings administration
development for a certain region and for a certain period of time, are used
the scripts. For certain period are constituted the purposes and aims for short , medium and long time. Each script must have the
same base which includes the historical evolution of generation system of
sweepings for a period between 5 and 7 years. Inside of scripts are
constituted the alternatives. Each alternative describe an integrated system of
management of sweepings which includes the available and practical operating
method of recycle, treatment and elimination of sweepings. The main
criterions of selection for the best script have to accomplish the principles
of permanent development: - to have minimal negative effects about environment;
to be permissible in socially; - to be doable in economically.
Key-Words:
neural network, sweeping administration, prognosis, economic development, serial
time.
Title of the Paper:
Product Definition in Virtual Space Using Background information at
Description of Engineering Objects
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Authors: Aszlo Horvath, Imre J. Rudas
Abstract:
- Current technology of engineering has reached a level where lifecycle
product information, comprehensive sets of model creation procedures, product
data management, and Internet based communication environment serve
integrated group work of engineers. It is inevitable, that the next main
phase of development of the digital product definition is enriching content
of product model in order to more intelligent decision support at product
development. In this paper, the authors introduce a new methodology as a
contribution to future intelligent modeling systems. Paper starts with a
discussion on possibilities of enhanced product definition as a result of
extension of current professional industrial modeling systems. Following this,
a method is given for the description of associative features in product
model. Next, description of associative features, extension of modeling by
background content, as well as extension of product model for content
constitute the main sections of the paper.
Key-Words:
- lifecycle management of product information, product modeling, handling
changes at product development, human – computer interaction in engineering, information
content in product model.
Title of the Paper: Graphic
Simulator for the Visual Control of Hyperredundant
Robots
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Authors:
Dorian Cojocaru, Razvan Tudor Tanasie
Abstract:
- Tentacle manipulators produce changes of configuration using a continuous
backbone made of actions which bend. In this paper, a new project for controlling
a continuum robot is presented. The robotic structure uses cables to transmit
forces to the elements of the arm. This new robot is actuated by stepper motors.
Due to the difficulties of using distributed sensors along the manipulator
structures, it was decided to se a vision system. The vision system is
composed by two pan / tilt / zoom cameras and a frame grabber. A graphical
simulator was designed and implemented in order to test the robot behavior
under certain circumstances. The camera calibration using this graphic
simulator is also presented. The term of “camera calibration” in the context
of this paper refers to positioning and orienting the two cameras at imposed
values.
Key-Words:
- Hyper redundant robots, Visual Control, Graphic Simulator
Title of the Paper:
Robot Pose Estimation by Means of a Stereo
Vision System
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Authors:
J. Sogorb, O. Reinoso, A. Gil, L. Paya
Abstract:
Mobile robots are characterized by their
capacity to move autonomously in an environment that is ether known or
unknown or only partially known. Their uses and applications are wide and are
incorporate into
a great many fields including underground and submarine work, space missions,
security systems, military applications, and many more. It is for this reason
that that a mobile robot is rarely fitted with only one sensor to carry out
all of its multiple tasks, being much more frequent the use of various
sensors combined within the system that complement one another to complete
their different functions. In this way it is possible to find robots where
estimation of position1 and the updating of the map is
carried out by video cameras or laser scanners, while obstacle detection is
achieved using sonar. In this respect it is important to highlight the close
relationship that exists between the problem of position estimation and that
of the construction of a map of the surroundings, with exact localization of
the robot necessary to be able to carry out map construction and vice versa. In
this work we focus solely on the problem of localization, comparing different
estimation algorithms of the trajectory taken by a robot from the
observations and readings obtained by the robot itself. In our problem, we
will work with images taken by a stereoscopic vision system of uncalibrated cameras, we will assume that the movement of
the robot is on a flat surface and we will use natural landmarks. As we will
see, the information obtained from this type of sensor allows a robust estimation
of movement taken between each pair of observations without the need to use
the information from the robot’s propioceptive
sensors. The solution of this problem, known as visual odometry,
is critical within the majority of subsequent navigation processes.
Key-Words:
Visual odometry, mobile robot, stereo vision, position
estimation, natural features.
Title of the Paper:
Design and Implementation of Portable Data Acquisition Unit in Process Control
and Supervision Applications
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Authors: Petr
Dostalek, Vladimir Vasek, Jan Dolinay
Abstract:
Paper deals with design and implementation of portable data acquisition unit
based on 8-bit microcontroller Free scale 68HC908GP32 in process control and
supervision applications. Its hardware design is adopted to fulfill high
reliability and immunity against industrial environment, high precision and
compact dimensions. Communication with supervision system is performed via
standard RS232 interface utilizing universal ASCII-based communication
protocol which is supported by number of software environments. In order to
improve development of new software applications with this device a support
program libraries for Visual C++, Control Web and Matlab/Simulink
was created. Correct function of the data acquisition device and support
software libraries were tested on educational model of heating plant with
time delay in Mat lab 6.5 and Control Web environments.
Key-Words:
Data acquisition, process control, Control Web, Matlab,
program libraries, 68HC908GP32.
Title of the Paper: Optimal
Reorganization of Agent Formations
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Authors: Dalila B. M. M. Fontes, Fernando
A. C. C. Fontes
Abstract:
In this article we address the problem of determining how a structured
formation of autonomous undistinguishable agents can be reorganized into
another, eventually non-rigid, formation based on changes in the environment,
perhaps unforeseeable. The methodology can also be used to correctly position
the agents into a particular formation from an initial set of random
locations. Given the information on the agents
current location and the final locations, there are n! possible
permutations for the n agents. Among these, we seek one that minimizes a
total relative measure, e.g. distance traveled by the agents during the
switching. We propose a dynamic programming methodology to solve this problem
to optimality. Possible applications can be found in surveillance, damage
assessment, chemical or biological monitoring, among others, where the
switching to another formation, not necessarily predefined, may be required
due to changes in the environment.
Key–Words:
Combinatorial optimization, dynamic programming, formation reorganization.
Title of the Paper: Modernization
of Control System for Enzymatic Hydrolysis
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Authors: J. Dolinay, P. Dostalek, V. Vasek, K.
Kolomaznik, D. Janacova
Abstract:
- This paper describes new computer system for measurement and control for
laboratory system for recycling chromium from tannery waste. The system is
used for research and verification of unique chromium-recycling technology
based on enzymatic hydrolysis developed at our institute. As the original
control equipment became outdated, it was necessary to rebuild the technology
with modern means of automatic control. This paper introduces the whole
system for chromium recycling with focus on the control structure of the most
important parts of the technology. The development and implementation of a
new computer control system is described, from choosing the devices to final
activation.
Key-Words:
- Tannery waste, Chromium, Advantest, Control Web, Saia,
Hydrolysis.
Title of the Paper: Control
of Electrical Drives Based on Fuzzy Logic
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Authors:
Constantin Volosencu
Abstract:
- The paper presents the theory of control systems for electrical drives
based on fuzzy logic, from the author’s point of view. The paper offers
practical answers at questions related to the design of speed control systems
based on fuzzy PI speed controller: what is the adequate structure of fuzzy
controller, the number of rules fuzzy values, how to assure stability, implementation,
control system quality criteria. The conventional design method for the
linear speed control systems is presented as a comparison base. An example of
fuzzy control systems for d.c. drives is given, with its modeling,
simulation, design, transient characteristics and quality criteria.
Key-Words:
- control systems, fuzzy logic, electrical drives, stability
analysis.
Title of the Paper: A Telematics Approach to Documentation on Railways
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Authors: Jon Mikel Rubina Diez, Gerardo Aranguren Aramendia, Inigo Odriozola Lertsundi
Abstract:
- Nowadays locomotive engineers yet have to carry printed documentation in a
big and heavy bag. This situation involves poor accessibility and inadequate
management of this information that hinder railway operations. A new telematics solution is proposed to address the problems
derived from carrying this huge amount of printed paper. The solution is
analyzed functionally, explaining its characteristics and outlining some
technical aspects of its implementation. This thesis is inspired on a case
study deployed at Euskotren, a railway operator in
the Basque Country. During the experiments that were carried out, this
innovative approach to documentation has proved to improve the efficiency of
railway operations and in turn improve safety in railway operations.
Key-Words:
- railway telematics library software HMI train
documentation
Issue 9, Volume 3, September 2008
Title of the Paper: A
Mathematical Model for Control of an Autonomous Vehicle Convoy
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Authors: Plamen Petrov
Abstract: This paper describes the modeling of a two-vehicle convoy and the
design of a vehicle following controller that tracks the trajectory of the
vehicle ahead with prescribed inter-vehicle distance. Kinematic equations of
the system are formulated applying standard robotic methodology. We consider
autonomous vehicle following without any information obtained from road
infrastructure or communicated from the lead vehicle. Assuming that the leader
linear and angular velocities, as well the curvature radius of the path
traveled by the lead vehicle, are unknown constant parameters, an adaptive
tracking controller is proposed. With only the current inter-vehicle relative
position and orientation available for feedback control, the control
velocities of the following vehicle are computed using the leader velocity
estimates obtained from the dynamic (adaptive) part of the proposed
controller. For constant velocity maneuvers of the leader, at steady state,
the two-vehicle convoy will travel concentric arcs of same radii with
prescribed inter-vehicle spacing. For time-varying lead vehicle velocities,
the proposed controller achieves ultimate boundness of the closed-loop system
in error coordinate. Various simulation results demonstrating the performance
of the controller are included.
Keywords:
Autonomous vehicle convoy, vehicle following, kinematic model, nonlinear
adaptive control
Title of the Paper:
Interactive Pareto Optimal with Advantage and Application in Distribution
Planning
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Authors: Cheng-Chien Kuo, Po-Hung Chen
Abstract: An interactive pareto optimal with advantage (IPOA) approach for
bi-objective programming is proposed and applied on capacitor placement and
sizing problem. Two main contradictory concerned which including cost and
quality properties are considered as bi-objective programming formulation. The
IPOA approach can provide a valuable trade-off pareto-optimal solution by
following the intention of decision makers (DMs). Many nonlinear
characteristics of distribution feeders, and their load, operating and
expansion constraints could be all considered for practical operation. Also,
both fixed and switched types of capacitors are included. The effectiveness
and feasibility of the proposed approach were demonstrated by an actual feeder
study systematically with particle swarm optimization method. The experiment
showed encouraging results, suggesting that the proposed approach was capable
of efficiently determining higher quality solutions about distribution
planning problem.
Keywords:
Interactive pareto optimal with advantage, Capacitor placement and sizing,
Particle swarm optimization, Distribution planning, Bi-objective programming
Title of the Paper:
Hydraulically Actuated Active Suspension System with Proportional Integral
Sliding Mode Control
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Authors: Y. M. Sam, N. M. Suaib, J. H. S. Osman
Abstract: This paper will present a new mathematical model and control of the
hydraulically actuated suspension system for the half model. The model
presented takes into account all the pressure difference parameters inherent
in the hydraulic cylinder. However, from the derived mathematical expression
for the systems, it is found that the system may experience a mismatched
condition problem due to the nature of the road disturbance which is not in
phase with the control input. In order to achieve the desired ride comfort and
road handling and to solve the mismatched condition, a proportional-integral
sliding mode control (PISMC) technique is presented to deal with the system
and uncertainties. Extensive simulations are performed for different road
profiles and the results showed that the proposed controller performed well in
improving the ride comfort and road handling for the half car model using the
hydraulically actuated suspension system. It is shown that the proposed
controller is capable to overcome the mismatched condition problem that
present in the active suspension system. Furthermore, the results also showed
that the system is completely insensitive to the external disturbance due to
the road surface irregularities.
Keywords:
Active Suspension System, Hydraulic Actuator, Sliding Mode Control
Issue 10, Volume 3, October 2008
Title of the Paper:
Modeling, Simulation and Optimal Control for an Aircraft of Aileron-less
Folding Wing
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Authors: Zheng Jiewang, Shijun Guo, Wei Li
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to discuss the method of modeling and
control system design for a loitering aircraft of aileron-less folding wing. A
nonlinear model of the aircraft was established, and then linearized by small
disturbance method. The lateral-directional stability augmentation options
were analyzed through the root locus plots. The pole placement method based on
linear quadratic regulator (LQR) technology was used to achieve desirable
dynamic characteristics. In the analysis, the state parameters which represent
rapid oscillation states of the aircraft such as roll rate and yaw rate were
set as primary control parameters in the inner loop. The states oscillated
slowly such as rolling angle and yaw angle were set as main control parameters
in the outer loop. Based on the self-organizing fuzzy control algorithm, the
aircraft can be controlled to fly in a desired path. Two types of course
control plan were investigated and verified. The results show that the control
plans are feasible and the control system is adequately robust to meet the
requirements of the course control.
Keywords:
Loitering aircraft, pole placement, LQR, fuzzy control, bank-to-turn (BTT),
skid-to-turn (STT)
Title of the Paper:
Stabilization of Fuzzy Control Systems
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Authors: Constantin Volosencu
Abstract: The paper presents the way to use Lyapunov techniques to analyse and
to assure stability of control systems with fuzzy PI controllers. The
stability is assured based on a compensation of the input-output
characteristic of the fuzzy blocks used in PI fuzzy controller. The
compensation is made on fuzzy control law by the action in parallel of a crisp
block for non-linear parts of input saturations. Stability analysis of fuzzy
control systems for general processes is framed in the field of non-linear
systems. The paper presents the way to prove absolute global internal
stability in general cases. The correction principle is theoretically
substantiated and methodologically structured with application at the fuzzy
control of the second order processes.
Keywords:
Fuzzy control systems, Lyapunov techniques, circle criterion, absolute
internal stability, nonlinear systems.
Title of the Paper: An
Optimal T-S Model for the Estimation and Identification of Nonlinear Functions
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Authors: Agustin Jimenez, Basil M. Al-Hadithi, Fernando Matia
Abstract: A novel optimal method is developed to improve the identification
and estimation of Takagi-Sugeno (TS) fuzzy model. The idea comes from the fact
that the main drawback of T-S model is that it can not be applied when the
membership functions are overlapped by pairs. This limits the application of
the T-S model because this type of membership function has been widely used in
the stability and controller design of fuzzy systems. It is also very popular
in industrial control applications. The method presented here can be
considered as a generalized version of T-S fuzzy model with optimized
performance in approximating nonlinear functions. Various examples are chosen
to show the high function approximation accuracy and fast convergence obtained
by applying the proposed method in approximating nonlinear systems locally and
globally in comparison with the original T-S model.
Keywords:
Nonlinear systems, Fuzzy systems, Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model, Universal
approximators, optimization
Issue 11, Volume 3, November 2008
Title of the Paper:
Additive Faults Detection and Level Control in Coupled Tanks
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Authors: Canureci Gabriela, Vinatoru Matei, Maican Camelia,
Iancu Eugen
Abstract: This paper presents a strategy for level control, detection and
localization of the possible faults types for coupled tanks. The control and
faults detection algorithm was developed using the combination of Matlab -
Simulink with WinCon 5.1 software. Also in the paper, a mathematical model of
the process is developed used design and control algorithm. The experimental
applications were developed on the didactical plant ”Quanser Water Level
Control Two Tank Module”.
Keywords:
Detection, localisation, additive faults, disturbances, noise, level control,
pole placement
Title of the Paper:
Control System Simulator for Steam Boiler Parameters
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Authors: Camelia Maican, Matei Vinatoru, Gabriela Canureci,
Eugen Iancu
Abstract: The paper presents the research results related to control of the
steam boiler parameters: drum level, furnace pressure and steam pressure. It
was developed the mathematical model of the water-steam system and furnace
part of the boiler. Also, the paper presents the algorithm for real time
detection of model parameter variations. In this context a correction method,
validate through simulation was developed.
Keywords:
Steam boiler, steam pressure, furnace pressure
Title of the Paper:
Balance Control by Weighting and Tensiometric Measurements of Bucket Wheel
Excavators
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Authors: Marin Silviu Nan, Iosif Kovacs, Florin Dumitru
Popescu
Abstract: An essential element when establishing the balance of a bucket wheel
excavator is the determination of the barycentre, the best results being thus
obtained by weighting after having installed all the components. The problem,
on which emphasis is laid, is how to maintain the stability and equilibrium of
bucket wheel excavators or any other extraction machinery during operation,
the main machinery of a technological extracting system employed for coal
mining. The balance survey, respectively that of the stability of these
machineries is compulsory because the bearing surface is rather small compared
to the other building sub-systems outside the range of the surface, onto which
much higher forces operate. The lack of correct balance for bucket wheel
excavators determines their operation in an inadequate dynamic mode, or in
extreme cases, there is the danger of losing stability by tilting over the
excavator respectively suffering huge material and human loss. It is
compulsory to verify for the correctness of the position and mass value of
balance because there might be substantial error sources leading to compromise
the operation. One of the most popular methods is that of weighting the entire
equipment from the superior platform of the excavator. The weighting process
implies the lifting of the excavators in three spots with hydraulic cylinders,
the measurement of the forces, as well as the measurement of pressure inside
the cylinders and of the stroke of each cylinder. The data measurement and
rehashing installation is destined to determine the dimensions that finally
define the weighting process of excavators or other operating machineries to
which the balancing and control of stability is imposed. Thus, two types of
data measurement and rehashing installations depending on the nature and type
of the transducer used will be presented. For the first type, only analogical
signals are transmitted to a numerical computer, and for the second type only
digital signals are transmitted.
Keywords:
Barycentre, Tensiometric bridge, Excavator, Force Transducer, Pressure
Transducer
Title of the Paper:
Fuzzy Programming Problem in the Weakly Structurable Dynamic System and Choice
of Decisions
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Authors: Gia Sirbiladze, Anna Sikharulidze, Natia Sirbiladze
Abstract: This work deals with the problems of the Weakly Structurable
Continuous Dynamic System (WSCDS) optimal control and briefly discuss the
results developed by G. Sirbiladze [17]. Sufficient and necessary conditions
are presented for the existence of an extremal fuzzy optimal control
processes, for which we use R. Bellman’s optimality principle and take into
consideration the gain-loss fuzzy process. A separate consideration is given
to the case where an extremal fuzzy control process acting on the WSCDS (1)
depends and (2) does not depend on an WSCDS state.
Applying Bellman’s optimality principle and assuming that the gain-loss
process exists for the WSCDS, a variant of the fuzzy integral representation
of an optimal control is given for the WSCDS. This variant employs the
instrument of extended extremal fuzzy composition measures constructed in
[16].
The questions of defining a fuzzy gain relation for the WSCDS are considered,
taking into account the available expert knowledge on the WSCDS
subject-matter.
An example of constructing of the WSCDS optimal control is presented.
Keywords:
Fuzzy Optimal Control, Fuzzy Dynamic Systems, WSCDS, Extended Extremal Fuzzy
Measures, Sugeno Type Extremal Integrals, Fuzzy Gain-Loss Process, Bellman’s
Optimality Principle
Title of the Paper:
A Decision Support System for Safe Switching Control - Design and
Implementation
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Authors: F. N. Koumboulis, M. P. Tzamtzi, M. G. Skarpetis
Abstract: In the present work a Decision Support System (DSS) is described,
that supports decision making with regard to the selection of the appropriate
control design approach for nonlinear plants. More specifically, this DSS
supports decision making concerning several aspects of designing safe
switching controllers. Decisions are based on specific available information
about the plant’s description and characteristics, as well as the available
experimental data. The implementation of this DSS using MATLAB is also
presented.
Keywords: Decision Support System, Safe Switching, Nonlinear Control Systems
Title of the Paper:
Analytic Modeling and Metaheuristic PID Control of a Neutral Time Delay Test
Case Central Heating System
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Authors: Fotis N. Koumboulis, Nikolaos D. Kouvakas,
Paraskevas N. Paraskevopoulos
Abstract: In the present paper, the analytic mathematical model of a test case
central heating system is developed in the form of a nonlinear neutral time
delay model with time varying delay which in turn is simplified to a neutral
time delay model with constant time delay. In the process it is shown that the
influence of the delay is significant, thus its incorporation to the model is
of high importance while the constant delay approximation imposes only small
error. A PID controller is derived to control the temperature of a room, which
is modeled as a first order differential equation. The controller parameters
are evaluated using a metaheuristic algorithm.
Keywords: Central heating, modeling, neutral time delay system, PID
controller, metaheuristic
Issue 12, Volume 3, December 2008
Title of the Paper:
Output Feedback Model Predictive Control for Nonlinear Systems
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Authors: I. I. Siller-Alcala, J. Jaimes-Ponce, R. Alcantara-Ramirez
Abstract: In this paper, an Output Feedback Model Predictive Control for
nonlinear systems is presented. The proposed output feedback control consists
of the well known robust controller NCGPC (Nonlinear Continuous Time
Generalized Predictive Control) and an open loop observer (a simulated model
in parallel) in order to estimate the output derivatives and a regulation
filter used to account for plant/model mismatch. The main advantages of the
new approach are i) that the assumption of full-state feedback inherent in
feedback linearization schemes is eliminated, the only measurement required is
the output and finally ii) the process output converges to a constant
reference in spite of presence of parameter uncertainties and process
disturbances. The analysis of the induction motor and simulation results in
the numerical example show that the output feedback model predictive control
proposed can tolerate certain process uncertainty.
Keywords: Nonlinear Control, Predictive Control, Output Feedback Control,
Internal Model Control, Robust Control
Title of the Paper:
Application of Genetic Algorithms and Visual Simulation in a Real-Case
Production Optimization
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Authors: Davorin Kofjac, Miroljub Kljajic
Abstract: This paper presents a real case customized flexible furniture
production optimization. Such a make-to-order production must be flexible to
meet the customer’s needs, which are changing frequently. Hence, a frequent
review of the production process is needed to ensure near-optimal production
schedule to meet the minimal makespan constraint. In such a case we are
confronted with a tradeoff between makespan and optimization runtime to ensure
efficient realtime scheduling. The genetic algorithm production scheduling
optimization is presented to solve a job shop scheduling problem with
recirculation. Several initial population generators, selection methods, and
crossover and mutation methods are discussed and tested. The visual model of
the furniture production process was developed during the research. Such a
model is closer to end-user perception and is used to clarify the results of
numerical optimization. It also enables the implementation of end-user’s
expert knowledge into the optimizer to reduce the GA search space with a goal
of reducing the runtime to a minimum.
Keywords: Production scheduling, Job-shop, Recirculation, Genetic algorithms,
Simulation, Optimization
Title of the Paper:
Control of a Differentially Driven Mobile Robot Using Radial Basis Function
Based Neural Networks
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Authors: Gokhan Bayar, E. Ilhan Konukseven, A. Bugra Koku
Abstract: This paper proposes the use of radial basis function neural networks
approach to the solution of a mobile robot orientation adjustment using
reinforcement learning. In order to control the orientation of the mobile
robot, a neural network control system has been constructed and implemented.
Neural controller has been charged to enhance the control system by adding
some degrees of award. Making use of the potential of neural networks to learn
the relationships, the desired reference orientation and the error position of
the mobile robot are used in training. The radial basis function based neural
networks have been trained via reinforcement learning. The performance of the
proposed controller and learning system has been evaluated by using a mobile
robot that consists of a two driving wheels mounted on the same axis, and a
free wheel on the front for balance.
Keywords: Mobile robot, control, neural networks, radial basis function,
learning, trajectory
Title of the Paper:
Thermal Sprayed Coatings Adherence – Influencing Parameters
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Authors: Mihaiela Iliescu, Emil Turdeanu
Abstract: Thermal spraying represents the process of obtaining new special
multilayer structure materials, with good mechanical and chemical
characteristics. These materials are often used in solving real important
problems, like repairing worn parts working under severe wearing conditions
or, ensuring efficient corrosion protection of parts used in sea, as platform,
bridges, or obtaining high refractory surfaces. Most of the times, once
obtained, these coatings need additional machining and, it is of interest to
study how, and, if, any of the machining parameters do influence one of their
very important characteristic, meaning, adherence to the basic substrate. The
paper presents a study on the adherence of thermal sprayed coatings, obtained
from some Romanian thermal sprayed materials and submitted to exterior
cylindrical turning.
Keywords: Thermal spraying, multilayer coatings, cylindrical turning,
adherence, transducer, sample
Title of the Paper:
A Study of the Observability of Multidimensional Hybrid Linear Systems
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Authors: Valeriu Prepelita
Abstract: A class of multidimensional hybrid linear systems is presented, with
the time vector composed by q continuous-time real components and by r
discrete-time integer ones, q; r ? 1. The state equation is of
multidimensional partial differential-difference type. A generalized
variation-of-parameters formula is provided and it is used to obtain the state
and the general response of the system. The fundamental concept of
observability is studied for these systems. An observability Gramian is
introduced, which is a generalization of the Gramians corresponding to the
classical 1D continuous-time and 1D discrete-time systems.
In the case of completely observable systems this Gramian is used to obtain a
formula which provides the initial state of the system for any input-output
pair. A list of observability criteria is given for time-invariant systems and
the duality between the concepts of observability and reachability is
emphasized.
Keywords: Multidimensional hybrid systems, observability, observability
Gramian, time-varying systems, timeinvariant systems
Title of the Paper:
Water Flows' Management System at the Secondary Cooling in the Continuous
Steel Casting Process
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Authors: Corina Daniela Cuntan, Ioan Baciu
Abstract: In this work it was proposed the structure of a management system
for the water flows in the secondary cooling area within the continuous steel
casting process.
The management system assumes the utilization of some temperature and speed
transducers, of which output measures represent the input variables for the
Fuzzy regulator. For adapting the output measures from transducers with the
inputs of the Fuzzy regulator, it was conceived an adaption system that
achieves the variation range 1-100%.
For implementing the expert system, it was achieved a base of specific
knowledge, introduced by the human expert and materialized as some sets of
rules that constitute the reasoned judgement based on which the system is
acting by analyzing the variables’ real values.
Keywords: Translation circuit, continuous casting, water flow, secondary
cooling, Fuzzy controller
Title of the Paper:
Object Oriented Modelling of Variable Envelope Properties in Buildings
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Authors: Borut Zupancic, Anton Sodja
Abstract: The paper deals with some important aspects of continuous systems
modelling approaches. Namely the traditional approach is based on block
oriented schemes in which causal relations play an important role. However
this causality is artificially generated in order to fulfil appropriate
conditions for simulation on conventional sequential computers. Fortunately
new concepts which are based on object oriented approaches, physically
oriented connections and algebraic manipulations enable the so called acausal
modelling. Both approaches are used in the modelling of thermal flows in
intelligent building. Advantages and disadvantages of two concepts and
environments are discussed. As validation is always the most important phase
of each modelling project a small physical “chamber” was built. The second
part of the paper demonstrates the efficiency of the developed simulation
model. With the simulation we studied how to compensate or efficiently use
variable outdoor conditions, e.g. solar radiation and outdoor temperature in
order to assure the appropriate indoor conditions. This was not performed with
conventional approaches, e.g. with heating, cooling, ventilating, humidifying,
etc. but with on line dynamical adaptations in the building envelope. Variable
wall insulation, movable window insulation, movable shading system and
rotating object were proposed and studied.
Keywords: Object oriented modelling, Simulation, Acausal modelling, Thermal
flows, Intelligent building
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